1 / 20

The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit. The Age of Charlemagne. Descended from Franks: valued war and destruction Blend of two cultures during reign of Charlemagne Kingdom: Large European kingdom, from the Rhine to Spain Renewed interest in learning and arts. The Carolingian Renaissance.

Samuel
Download Presentation

The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

  2. The Age of Charlemagne • Descended from Franks: valued war and destruction • Blend of two cultures during reign of Charlemagne • Kingdom: Large European kingdom, from the Rhine to Spain • Renewed interest in learning and arts

  3. The Carolingian Renaissance • His interest in culture assembled group of scholars and artists. Favorite book: The City of God • Imperial ideal from Rome and Byzantium • Monks copied manuscripts and painted, learned chants, and interpreted the Bible. • Alcuin of York, teacher: revival of learning and literacy. Attempted universal education

  4. The Culture of the Book • Books were expensive • Illustrated manuscripts: Hellenistic and Byzantine style, incorporating Anglo-Saxon art. • Sculpture disappeared. Reliquaries. • The “Cult of Saints”

  5. Charlemagne’s Court • Pilgrimage to Rome in 800. Crowned emperor. First monarch since Roman times • Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle. Modeled after Byzantine churches • Charlemagne’s kingdom only lasted one generation after his death • New wave of invasions: Muslims, Hungarians, Vikings

  6. Feudal Europe • France and England took brunt of Viking invasions • Decentralized system: feudal estates • Feudalism: system based on vows of military service and ownership of land. • Based on grant of lands by lords to vassals in return for service • Castle/manor: residence of lord’s family

  7. Refuge for the feudal estate during war • Crusaders came back and improved them • Fortresses to defend against siege • Decoration of castles simple tapestries to protect from cold • Pagan rituals and celebrations: mumming • Origin of masquerades and masked dances

  8. The Song of Roland • Oral literature of military exploits such as epics. • Battle from Charlemagne’s campaigns in Spain. Hero: Roland who battles Muslim knights • Celebrated knights’ bravery in battle and loyalty to his lord • No women

  9. Tale of feudal courage, violence and treachery • Blows his horn to summon Charlemagne, but dies before king appears • Feudal and Christian values are highlighted

  10. Chivalry • Emerged as a way to enforce loyalty. • Loyal to lord, not sleep with his wife, or surrender his castle as well as religious devotion and service to ladies • Tournaments: feasting, pageantry and dance • Professional warriors emerged

  11. The Bayeux Tapestry • Inspired by the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and William the Conqueror’s victory over the English • Embroidered wall hanging recounting the chain of events. 231 feet long made of linen and embroidered by English women, so it’s not really a “tapestry” (fig. 11.9) • Influenced by Trajan’s column

  12. Muslim Spain • Cultivated society where Muslims, Jews and Christians coexisted. • Influence of architecture, poetry and philosophy • 711 Muslims from North Africa conquer Spain. Power declined after 1000 • Sephardic Jews had centers of learning • Spaniards pushed back Muslims until 1492 they expelled the last from Granada • Muslims and Jews forced to convert

  13. Monasticism • Rules of chastity, poverty, and obedience • Refuge from the barbarians • Centers of learning • Evangelizing monks and cloistered monks • Guardians of arts and artifacts of Western civilization

  14. The Romanesque Style • Descendants of Otto the Great created Romanesque style of architecture • Rounded Roman arches and barrel vaults • Massive vaults, piers, and decoration • Sainte-Madeleine, Vézelay, France (fig. 11.13)

  15. The Pilgrimage Churches • Medieval tourist centers; stopping points during pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela • Saint-Sernin has a “Latin Cross” floorplan (fig. 11.11) chapels off the apse transept portals ambulatories

  16. Romanesque Sculpture • Relief sculpture: Bibles in stone • Portal sculpture on the tympanum • At Autun, Gislibertus’ lintel sculpture has a warning of wages of evil (fig. 11.17): “let this terror appall all those bound by earthly sin.” • Vézelay held the relics of Mary Magdalene

  17. Early Medieval Music and Drama • Musical notation, initially, chants were taught by oral tradition • Guido d’Arezzo: six note scale and solmization: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti • Guidonian Hand • Staff: tone; Clef set the tone F or C • Invited to Vatican to teach • Sacred music passed down

  18. Hildegard of Bingen • German abbess (1098-1179) • Composed mystical poetry and music • Morality play set to music • Women should use Mary as role model and reject Eve the sinner

  19. Drama in the Medieval Church • Medieval theater: representations of Christ’s birth, death, and resurrection • The Three Wise Men, Herod’s Slaughter of the Innocents, and the Raising of Lazarus. • Written in Latin, brief • Churchgoers followed the scenes throughout the church • Moved outside the church in the 13th cent.

  20. Medieval Philosophy • Christian problems: existence of God, relationship between faith and reason • Cathedral schools fostered learning; translation of Aristotle’s works • Peter Abelard (1079-1142) – tragic love of Heloise. • Sic et Non: exposed inconsistencies in Church teachings

More Related