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Chapter Eleven

and the Internet. Chapter Objectives. Discuss additional details of TCP ... and use TCP/IP applications such as Internet browsers, e-mail, and e-commerce ...

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Chapter Eleven

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    Slide 1:Chapter Eleven

    Networking with TCP/IP and the Internet

    Slide 2:Chapter Objectives

    Discuss additional details of TCP/IP addressing and subprotocols Understand the purpose and uses of BOOTP, DHCP, WINS, DNS, and host files Use TCP/IP protocols for network troubleshooting Understand and use TCP/IP applications such as Internet browsers, e-mail, and e-commerce

    Slide 3:Addressing and Name Resolution

    IP Addressing An IP address is 32 bits in size Every IP address is grouped into four 8-bit octets Octets are separated by decimal points Valid octet numbers range from 0 to 254 and represent a binary address

    Slide 4:IP Addressing

    IP Addressing (cont.) Each address consists of two parts: network and host The network portion of an address indicates whether the device belongs to a Class A, B, C, D, or E network Some octet number are reserved for special functions Dotted decimal notation “Shorthand” convention used to represent IP addresses and make them more easily readable by people

    Slide 5:Network Classes

    FIGURE 11-1 IP addresses and their classes

    Slide 6:Network Classes

    Multicasting Allows one device to send data to a specific group of devices (not the entire network segment) TABLE 11-1 Three commonly used classes of TCP/IP networks

    Slide 7:Subnetting

    Process of subdividing a single class of network into multiple, smaller networks FIGURE 11-2 IP address before and after subnets

    Slide 8:Subnetting

    Extended network prefix The combination of an address’s network and subnet information Subnet mask Special 32-bit number that, when combined with a device’s IP address, informs the rest of the network about the network class to which the device is attached

    Slide 9:Subnetting

    FIGURE 11-3 Subnetted IP address and its subnet mask

    Slide 10:Subnetting

    FIGURE 11-4 Subnetted network connected to the Internet

    Slide 11:Subnetting

    FIGURE 11-5 Network with several subnets

    Slide 12:Subnetting

    FIGURE 11-6 Data traveling over subnets

    Slide 13:Gateways

    Combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data Every device has a default gateway First interprets its outbound requests and last interprets its inbound requests to and from other subnets Core Gateways Gateways that make up the Internet backbone

    Slide 14:Gateways

    FIGURE 11-7 Use of default gateways

    Slide 15:Sockets and Ports

    Socket Logical address assigned to a specific process running on a computer TABLE 11-2 Commonly used TCP/IP port numbers

    Slide 16:Sockets and Ports

    TABLE 11-2b Commonly used TCP/IP port numbers (cont.)

    Slide 17:Sockets and Ports

    FIGURE 11-8 Virtual circuit for the Telnet service

    Slide 18:Host Names and Domain Name System (DNS)

    Host name Symbolic name that describes a TCP/IP device Domain Group of computers that belong to the same organization and have part of their IP addresses in common Domain name Symbolic name that identifies an organization

    Slide 19:Domain Names

    Fully qualified host name Name of a host that includes the full domain name as well as the host name Top-level domains (TLDs) Highest-level category used to distinguish domain names

    Slide 20:Domain Names

    TABLE 11-3 Domain naming conventions

    Slide 21:Host Files

    Text file that associates TCP/IP host names with IP addresses Alias Nickname for a node’s host name FIGURE 11-9 Example host file

    Slide 22:Domain Name System (DNS)

    Hierarchical way of tracking domain names and their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s FIGURE 11-10 DNS server hierarchy by geography

    Slide 23:Domain Name System (DNS)

    Resolvers Hosts on the Internet that need to look up domain name information Example, type the command telnet support.novell.com and your Telnet client software will kick off the resolver service to find the IP address for support.novell.com Name servers are servers that contain databases of names and their associated IP addresses Each name server manages a group of device, collectively known as a zone

    Slide 24:Configuring DNS

    To view or change the name server information on a Windows 95 machine Right-click Network Neighborhood, then click Properties In Network Dialog box, double-click TCP/IP In the TCP/IP Properties box, click the DNS Configuration tab FIGURE 11-11 DNS Configuration properties tab

    Slide 25:Configuring DNS

    To view or change the name server information on a Windows 95 machine (cont.) Be sure that Enable DNS option is selected Type your computer’s host name in the Host text box Type your organization’s domain name in the Domain text box Type your organization’s DNS server IP address in the space provided under the heading “DNS Server Search Order” Click Add to save the DNS server’s IP address

    Slide 26:Configuring DNS

    To view or change the name server information on a Windows 95 machine (cont.) Add as many as two more DNS server’s IP addresses in the same manner Click OK to save your changes Click OK to close the Network Properties dialog box Click Yes to restart

    Slide 27:DNS Name Space

    Name space Database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names distributed over DNS name servers worldwide Root server DNS server maintained by InterNIC that is an authority on how to contact the top-level domains Resource record Element of a DNS database stored on a name server that contains information about TCP/IP host names and their addresses

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