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2.3

2.3. Mughal Empire in India. Mughal Empire. Babur controls northern India Akbar (Babur’s grandson) greatest Mughal leader Believes king must be aggressive to avoid being conquered Continued Muslim tradition of religious tolerance Married Hindu princesses & allowed them to practice Hinduism

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2.3

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  1. 2.3 Mughal Empire in India

  2. Mughal Empire • Babur controls northern India • Akbar (Babur’s grandson) greatest Mughal leader • Believes king must be aggressive to avoid being conquered • Continued Muslim tradition of religious tolerance • Married Hindu princesses & allowed them to practice Hinduism • Abolishes religious taxes • Hires Jesuit priest to educate son • All cultures could rise to power in government

  3. Mughal Empire • Has smart tax policy • Tax is proportionate to value of crops • Result = more people paid taxes because it is fair • Gave land to government officials • Took back land after official died • What is the impact of this? • Officials would not work land since it would not stay in their family after death

  4. Mughal Empire • Persian = language of high culture • Hindi = language of common citizen • Urdu = language spoken by the soldiers • Blend of Arabic, Persian, & Hindi • Currently the official language of Pakistan • Jahangir and Nur Jahan rule after Akbar • Jahangir = son of Akbar; Nur Jahan = wife • Nur Jahan rules most of Mughal Empire

  5. Mughal Empire • Nur Jahan favors a son to be future ruler but son rebels against Jahangir; son removed • Rebellious son follows Sikh (pronounced “seek”) religion • Sikhs = non-violent and independent • Mughals target Sikhs for sheltering rebellious son • Shah Jahan takes power of Mughal Empire • Assassinates all possible rivals • Shah Jahan’s wife dies while giving birth to 14th child • Builds Taj Mahal as tomb for her

  6. Taj Mahal

  7. Taj Mahal • Taj Mahal considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world • Takes 22 years to build • Citizens suffer due to construction of Taj Mahal • Famine • Irrigation systems not constructed to help farmers • Roads & tools not available to farmers • Taxes consistently raised to pay for construction of Taj Mahal

  8. Aurangzeb • Son of Shah Jahan • Executes older brother • Puts father in jail • Rigidly enforces Islamic law • Outlaws drinking, gambling, & other vices • Censors citizens and polices prayer • Reinstates non-Muslim tax • Removes Hindus from government • Wars cause downfall of empire because of high taxes needed to pay for costs

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