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Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

Copyright 2010, John Wiley

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Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

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    1. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

    2. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    3. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle The pectoral girdle connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton Consists of the clavicle and the scapula Pectoral girdle articulates only with the manubrium Scapula is stabilized by many muscle attachments

    4. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle

    5. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle: The Clavicle (Collarbone) The clavicle is a thin, curved bone that is slightly S-shaped It articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum The acromial end of the sternum articulates with the acromion of the scapula

    6. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle: The Clavicle (Collarbone)

    7. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle: The Scapula (Shoulder Blade) The scapula is a major site for muscle attachments, and connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton Major landmarks Acromion Glenoid cavity Medial and lateral borders Coracoid process Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Subscapularis fossa

    8. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle: The Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

    9. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pectoral Girdle: The Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

    10. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb The upper limb consists of the following regions (number of bones in parentheses): Arm (1) Forearm (2) Wrist (8) Palm of hand (5) Fingers (14)

    11. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb

    12. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The Humerus Proximal end head anatomical neck greater tubercle lesser tubercle surgical neck deltoid tuberosity Distal end capitulum trochlea radial fossa coronoid fossa medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle

    13. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The Humerus

    14. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The Ulna and Radius Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process Trochlear notch Radial notch Head Styloid process Radius Head Neck Radial tuberosity Ulnar notch Styloid process

    15. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The Ulna and Radius

    16. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: Articular Surfaces of the Forearm Bones (Ulna and Radius)

    17. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: Articular Surfaces of the Forearm Bones (Ulna and Radius)

    18. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: Articular Surfaces of the Forearm Bones (Ulna and Radius)

    19. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The 8 Carpal Bones Form the Wrist Try making up your own mnemonic for learning the names of the carpal bones Where is the carpal tunnel located? What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

    20. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Upper Limb: The Metacarpals and Phalanges

    21. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle The pelvic girdle connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. It also provides strong and stable support for the vertebral column. Two coxal bones make up the pelvic girdle Each coxal bone results from fusion of 3 bones

    22. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle

    23. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: Coxal Bones (Hip Bones) Articulations: Anterior ? pubic symphysis Posterior ? sacroiliac joints Major landmarks Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pelvic brim

    24. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: Coxal Bones (Hip Bones)

    25. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ilium The ilium is the largest of the 3 parts of the coxal bone The ilium is a major site for muscle attachments Major landmarks Iliac crest Greater sciatic notch Auricular surface Arcuate line

    26. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ilium

    27. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ilium

    28. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ilium

    29. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ischium Major landmarks Body Ramus Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen (posterior half)

    30. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ischium

    31. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ischium

    32. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Ischium

    33. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Pubis (Pubic Bone) The two pubic bones articulate at the pubic symphysis, below this joint is the pubic arch. Major landmarks Body Superior ramus Inferior ramus Pubic crest Pubic tubercle

    34. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Pubis (Pubic Bone)

    35. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Pubis (Pubic Bone)

    36. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: The Pubis (Pubic Bone)

    37. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: False Versus True Pelves The coxal bones and sacrum define the pelvic cavity Pelvic brim separates the superior and inferior regions False pelvis (superior region) is part of abdominal cavity True pelvis (inferior region) is the pelvic cavity The pelvic axis defines the route of the brith canal

    38. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: False Versus True Pelves

    39. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: False Versus True Pelves

    40. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: Male Versus Female Pelves

    41. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pelvic Girdle: Male Versus Female Pelves

    42. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb The lower limb consists of the following regions (number of bones in parentheses): Thigh (1) Leg (2) Ankle (7) Foot (5) Ttoes (14)

    43. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb

    44. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Femur Major landmarks body (shaft) head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter gluteal tuberosity linea aspera medial and lateral condyles medial and lateral epicondyles

    45. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Femur

    46. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Patella (Kneecap) The patella protects the knee joint, and is enclosed by the patellar ligament and the quadriceps femoris tendon. The patella articulates with the femur, and glides us and down in the groove between the femoral condyles as the knee is flexed.

    47. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Patella (Kneecap)

    48. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Tibia and Fibula Tibia (shin bone) Lateral condyle Medial condyle Tibial tuberosity Anterior boder Medial malleolus Fibula Head Lateral malleolus

    49. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Tibia and Fibula

    50. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Tarsals The tarsal bones include the talus, the calcaneus, and 5 smaller bones. The talus (ankle bone) articulates with the leg bones, and transmits all of our weight. The calcaneus (heel bone) receives about 1/2 of our total body weight.

    51. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Tarsals

    52. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lower Limb: The Metatarsals and Phalanges

    53. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. End of Chapter 8 Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the information herein.

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