Learning

1. Learning • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Ecological Learning • Observational Learning

2. Definition of Learning Learning is “any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about through experience.” • Conditioning: • The acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli.

3. Two Types of Conditioning • Classical (C.C.): • a response naturally elicited by one stimulus comes to be elicited by a different, formerly neutral stimulus • Operant (O.C.): • behaviors are emitted (in the presence of specific stimuli) to earn rewards or avoid punishments

4. Learning • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Ecological Learning • Observational Learning

5. Pavlov

6. It all starts with a REFLEX

7. It all starts with a REFLEX Automatic

8. It all starts with a REFLEX Unconscious

9. It all starts with a REFLEX Involuntary

10. It all starts with a REFLEX Inborn

11. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response

12. REFLEX Leads to Stimulus Response

13. REFLEX Elicits Stimulus Response

14. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response Puff of air to the eye Blink

15. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response Light in the eye Pupillary Constriction

16. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response Pain Withdrawal

17. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response Meat Powder in mouth Salivation

18. REFLEX Causes Stimulus Response Electric Shock Fear

19. REFLEX Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response

20. REFLEX UCR UCS

21. Click ??

22. Some stimuli do nothing Click

23. Some stimuli do nothing Footsteps

24. Some stimuli do nothing Metronome

25. Some stimuli do nothing Rabbit

26. Some stimuli do nothing Hiss

27. Some stimuli do nothing Neutral Stimulus

28. Some stimuli do nothing NS

29. Learning involves repeated pairing

30. Learning involves repeated pairing UCS UCR

31. Learning involves repeated pairing NS + UCS UCR

32. After repeated pairing CS NS + UCS UCR CR

33. After repeated pairing CS CR

34. After repeated pairing CS CR

35. Learning involves repeated pairing NS + UCS Hiss Puff UCR Blink

36. After repeated pairing CS Hiss NS + UCS Hiss Puff UCR Blink CR Blink

37. After repeated pairing CS Hiss CR Blink

38. After repeated pairing CS Hiss CR Blink

39. REFLEX Causes

40. Some stimuli do nothing

41. Learning involves repeated pairing

42. Learning involves repeated pairing

43. Learning involves repeated pairing

44. After repeated pairing

45. After repeated pairing

46. After repeated pairing

47. After repeated pairing the organism has formed an association between the once neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

48. An example

49. It all begins with aREFLEX Learning Classical Conditioning Reflexes Operant Conditioning Ecological Learning Observational Learning • Unconditioned stimulus (UCS). • Elicits a response in the absence of learning. • Unconditioned response (UCR). • The reflexive response to a stimulus in the absence of learning. UCS  UCR • No learning here.Organism is born with this reflex A relatively simple, automatic, stimulus-response sequence that is mediated by the CNS

50. New Reflexes from Old Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Ecological Learning Observational Learning • A neutral stimulus is then regularly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.