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Unraveling Interwar Turmoil: Political Polarization and Societal Transformation

Explore the cultural, political, and societal upheavals of the interwar era, from the rise of radical ideologies to the clash of nations, genders, and global powers. Witness the birth of modernism, authoritarian regimes, and the seeds of global conflicts. Uncover the transformative events that shaped the world in the 1920s and 1930s.

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Unraveling Interwar Turmoil: Political Polarization and Societal Transformation

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  1. I. Cultural Despair and Desire • II. Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing National and Gender Politics in the 1920's • III. The Rise of the Radical Right • IV. The Polarization of Politics in the 1930's • V. The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era

  2. I. Cultural Despair and Desire • A. The Waste Land • T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) • "The Waste Land", 1922 • Karl Barth (1886-1968) • Rudolf Bultmann (1884-1976) • Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) • Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) • Nausea • Otto Dix (1891-1969) • Flanders, 1934 • B. Building Something Better • Bauhaus • Walter Gropius (1883-1969) • W. H. Auden (1907-1973) • Dmitri Shostakovich • Second Symphony, 1927 • Le Corbusier (1887-1965) • Nuclear Physics • Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937 • James Chadwick (1891-1974) • Nuclear fission • Otto Hahn (1879-1968) • Fritz Strassmann (1902-1980)

  3. II. Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing National and Gender Politics in the 1920's • A. Russia • Bolsheviks • Cheka - secret police • Lenin • New Economic Policy, 1921 • B. Eastern and Central Europe • Poland • Marshal Josef Pilsudski (1867-1935) • Weimar Republic • Free Corps • Wolfgang Kapp (1858-1922) • Erich von Ludendorff • Kapp Putsch • Adolf Hitler • "Beer Hall Putsch" • Hyperinflation • from1923 • Dawes Plan • Reparations restructured • C. Gender • "New Woman“ • Family size decreases • Reaction • Mother's Day • Bolsheviks • Gains for women

  4. III. The Rise of the Radical Right • A. Fascism • Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) • Milan, 1919 • Victor Emmanuel III (1900-1946) • Makes Mussolini prime minister • B. The Great Depression • American Stock Market collapses, 1929

  5. III. The Rise of the Radical Right • C. Nazis • National Socialist German Worker's Party • Adolf Hitler • Mein Kampf • Sturmablteilung (SA) • Economy • Highways • Propaganda • Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003) • Schutzstaffein (SS) • Communist party • Jews • Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Jews targeted

  6. IV. The Polarization of Politics in the 1930's • A. Soviet Union under Stalin • Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) • Nikolai Bukharin (1888-1938) • Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) • B. Collectivization and Industrialization, 1928-1934 • Great social mobility • e.g. Nikita Krushchev (1894-1971) • C. The Great Purge and Soviet Society, 1934-1939 • Trotsky, exiled, 1929, murdered, 1940 • Kamenev, executed 1936

  7. IV. The Polarization of Politics in the 1930's • D. The Democracies Respond • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) • "New Deal" • Social Security Act of 1935 • John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) • France, The Popular Front • Leon Blum (1872-1950) • E. The Spanish Civil War • Monarchy replaced by republic, 1931 • Popular Front, 1936 • Civil War, 1936-1939 • Francisco Franco (1892-1975)

  8. V. The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era • A. The Irish Revolution • Easter Rising, 1916 • Irish Republican Army • Michael Collins • B. Postwar Nationalism • Treaty of Sevres • Ottoman Empire dissolved • Pan-Arabism • Egypt • Wafd • Muslim Brotherhood, 1928 • Turkey • Mustafa Kemal Pasha • > Kemal Ataturk • Westernization • Arabia, Wahhabism • Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1787) • Sharia • Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud (c.1888-1953)

  9. V. The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era • C. India • Mohandas Ghandi (1869-1948) • Satyagraha • D. The Power of the Primitive • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Carl Jung (1875-1961) • archetypes • Herman Hesse (1877-1962) • Siddhartha • Négritude • Leopold Senghor (1906-2001) • President of Senegal

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