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Understanding Atomic Orbitals and Electron Configuration

This overview explores atomic orbitals, regions where electrons can be found within an atom. The energy levels correspond to the periodic table's periods, with each energy sublevel reflecting distinct orbital shapes: spherical (s), dumbbell-shaped (p), cloverleaf (d), and complex (f). Each sublevel has specific orientations and a maximum number of electrons it can accommodate: s (2), p (6), d (10), and f (14). Additionally, we examine how energy levels and sublevels define the maximum electron capacity for each element, vital for understanding atomic structure and electron configuration.

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Understanding Atomic Orbitals and Electron Configuration

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  1. Chemistry 112/111 Models of the Atom

  2. Atomic Orbitals • An atomic orbital is a region of space where an electron can be found • There are energy levels existing outside the nucleus • These levels correspond to the periods of the periodic table • Each energy sublevel corresponds to orbitals within a particular energy level

  3. Sublevels • Each sublevel corresponds to a different shape • s, p, d, f • Orientations of sublevels are referred to as orbitals • The s sublevel is a sphere and can only have one orientation in space • The p sublevel is dumb-bell shaped and can have three orientations in space • The d sublevel has clover-leaf shapes and has five orientations • The f sublevel is complex and can have seven orientations

  4. Electrons in Sublevels • Each orientation (orbital) of a sublevel can have a maximum of two electrons • This means that: • The s sublevel can house a maximum of 2 e- • 3 orientations of p = 6e- • 5 orientations of d = 10e- • 7 orientations of f = 14e- • The principal quantum number corresponds to the number of sublevels that can exist for that element

  5. Maximum e- in Energy Levels • First energy level can only have one sublevel (s) = 2e- • Second energy level can have two sublevels (s, p) = 10e- • Third energy level can have three sublevels (s, p, d) = 18e- • Fourth energy level can have four sublevels (s, p, d, f) = 32e-

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