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The Reality of Livestock Movement Patterns

Explore the intricate patterns of livestock movement within the United States and North America. Learn about cattle imports, trade dynamics, research on Mexican cattle exports, and the economic significance of livestock trade. Discover the challenges and opportunities that shape this industry.

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The Reality of Livestock Movement Patterns

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  1. The Reality of Livestock Movement Patterns Rhonda Skaggs, Ph.D. Professor, Ag Economics & Ag Business Las Cruces, NM

  2. Outline • Livestock in the United States • Movement of livestock in the United States • NMSU research on U.S. imports of Mexican cattle • General trade situation & outlook • Beef & cattle trade in North America

  3. Livestock in the United States • Cattle • Sheep • Hogs • Interstate Livestock Movements • Shields & Mathews USDA-ERS 2003 • http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ldp/jun03/ldpm10801/

  4. Cattle Imports from Mexico

  5. Distribution of Imported Mexican Calves 2003

  6. Mexican Calves Exported to the U.S. By Month (1972-2004) 400,000 300,000 200,000 Head 100,000 0 Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002

  7. NM Research on Identification of Origins & Destinations of Imported Calves • Research began 2001 • Interest in livestock traceability • Europe, Canada • Foot & Mouth, BSE • Terrorism • Tuberculosis • Data for imported calves • Sta. Teresa / San Jerónimo

  8. Sources of Data … • Origins of the calves in Mexico • Certificado Zoosanitario; Unión Ganadera, J. Flores • 900 observations – The “Ins” • Destinations of calves in the U.S. • Unión Ganadera, bills of lading; Wm.Wallace III • 4,025 observations – The “Outs” • New Mexico Livestock Board; Dr. S. England • 2,278 observations – New Mexico Inspection Certificates • Assistance in obtaining the data • R. Tellez, NMDA

  9. Research Publications • “Live Cattle Exports from Mexico Into the United States: Where Do They Come From & Where Do They Go?” • Skaggs, Acuña, Torell & Southard • http://www.choicesmagazine.org/current/2004-1-05.htm

  10. Research Publications • “Mexican Cattle Exports to the US: Current Perspectives” • Mitchell, Skaggs, Gorman, Crawford & Southard • http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/AgOutlook/june2001/AO282d.pdf

  11. Trade & U.S. Agriculture • Food demand in the U.S. will not grow significantly in the future • U.S. population is affluent & well fed • U.S. food market is saturated • Food demand is income & price inelastic • U.S. Ag needs international markets • Earnings from exports are 20-30% of total U.S. farm income • Trade is a two-way street

  12. Value of Agricultural Trade • Japan, EU, Canada & Mexico are leading export markets • Canada, EU & Mexico are top sources of U.S. ag imports • U.S. ag exports > ag imports since 1950s • U.S. is world’s largest ag importer & exporter

  13. Livestock (& Beef) Trade • Live animals, meats, meat products, hides, by-products, genetics are widely traded • U.S. imports & exports all types of livestock products and live animals • U.S. beef exports = 10% of U.S. beef production • Parts of 90% of all U.S. cattle end up exported • 2003 export market losses = 60,000 head/week

  14. Top Markets for U.S. Beef • Japan 32% • Mexico 26% • South Korea 24% • Canada 10%

  15. Total Value of U.S. Beef & Cattle Trade with Canada & Mexico $4.1 Billion(2002)

  16. Total Value of U.S. – Canada Beef & Cattle Trade $2.8 Billion(2002)

  17. Total Value of U.S. – Mexico Beef & Cattle Trade $1.4 Billion(2002)

  18. Contact Information Rhonda Skaggs, Ph.D. Professor, Agricultural Experiment Station Dept. of Ag Economics & Ag Business Box 30003 MSC 3169 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 Tel: 505-646-1344 or 505-646-2401 Fax: 505-646-3808 Email: rskaggs@nmsu.edu

  19. Acknowledgements • New Mexico Department of Agriculture • Marketing & Development Division • New Mexico Livestock Board • State Veterinarian • Unión Ganadera Regional de Chihuahua • Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua • USDA – Economic Research Service • USDA – Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service

  20. My Current Research… • Movement of cattle and meat between the U.S. and Mexico. • Description of the cattle export process in Chihuahua. • Econometric models including Mexican cattle imports.

  21. My Current Research… • Survey of calf exporters in Chihuahua. • Electronic identification systems – analysis and feasibility. • Development of improved bill of lading (proposed for use on U.S. side of cattle crossings).

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