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Canadian Battles

Canadian Battles. On D-Day Canadians landed on Juno Beach They met severe German opposition After capturing many towns they advanced inland which secured a stronghold for the allied invasion 14000 attacked and 340 died and 574 wounded

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Canadian Battles

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  1. Canadian Battles

  2. On D-Day Canadians landed on Juno Beach They met severe German opposition After capturing many towns they advanced inland which secured a stronghold for the allied invasion 14000 attacked and 340 died and 574 wounded Led to liberation of Europe and the defeat of Nazi Germany Juno Beach: Background and Significance www.6juin1944.com

  3. Canadian Navy provided 109 vessels, 10,000 sailors as help to the 7,000 Allied vessels Canadian minesweepers helped clearing the English Channel for the invasion Allied paratroopers, including 450 Canadians, landed behind the German coastal defences.Separated they captured a German headquarters, destroyed a key bridge, and seized a crossroads. Battle of Normandy: Description www.maxpower.ca

  4. Canadian troops had progressed further inland than any of their Allies 340 Canadians were killed, another 574 wounded and 47 prisoners The Atlantic Wall had been broken allowing easy advancements Battle of Normandy: Significance http://img236.imageshack.us/img236/7721/b1p17ruk0.jpg

  5. Liberation of Netherlands - Intro 1939-1945 • Previous assault across the Rhine a success • Many troops • Made way to Germany • Russians approaching Vienna http://www.gazellebookservices.co.uk/Military/WW2/images/Canada%20and%20Liberation%20of%20the%20Netherlands.jpg

  6. Liberation of Netherlands - Battle • TASK: Canadian army was to open supply route through Arnhem & clear northeastern Netherlands • Two Canadian Army corps would fight together for the first time in history • #1: Deal with German’s in Western Netherlands: √ • #2: clear the northeastern Netherlands: √ http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/ap/a/a134390-v6.jpg

  7. Liberation of Netherlands - Significance • Canadians big part of liberation • Allies pushing back Axis Powers • Liberation occurred at a vital moment (people were starving  Hunger Winter) • Contributed to end of war (Hitler’s suicide) http://wwii.ca/photos/belgium_map.jpg

  8. This battle took place throughout the lower St. Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence, Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait Occurred from May to Oct. 1942, Sept. 1943 and again in Oct. and Nov. 1944 It involved many merchant marine ships and 3 Canadian warships during this time The Battle of St. Lawrence - Background http://www.qc.ec.gc.ca/CSL/INF/images/inf016_001_e.jpg

  9. In 1939 Montreal exported more tons of shipping than all other Canadian east coast ports combined Therefore an attack on the Gulf was a serious threat because of the great amount of shipping that passed through there and it’s excellent access to Canada’s industrial heartland People in 1940 anticipated an attack and wanted to establish a Naval base at Gaspé, Quebec On May , 1942 the base opened and one week later the first German U-boat attack occurred Each tried to outsmart other, fought over period of 2 yrs. Battle of the St. Lawrence- Summary http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/graphics/ww_uboat_camou_01.jpg

  10. This was only battle fought on Canadian waters since war of 1812 Death and shipping tolls rising so government decided to close the St. Lawrence to all trans-Atlantic shipping on Sept. 9, 1942. (this eventually forced Germans to move on somewhere else) This battle part of larger conflict called the battle of the Atlantic, between 1939-1945 Battle of St. Lawrence- Significance http://jove.prohosting.com/~sinking/wwii/u-118.jpg

  11. Defense of Hong Kong: Description • Morning of Dec. 8th 1941 8 hours after Pearl Harbor • Japan attacked Hong Kong • After 3 days of combat, defenders were pushed away from the mainland into Hong Kong • On the 13th and 17th Japan told the defenders to surrender but Hong Kong didn’t Image Showing Japanese lines of Attack

  12. Defense of Hong Kong: Description Con’t • The allies surrendered on Christmas Day • It was an 18 day battle • The allies were outnumbered 3-1 Dongjiang Guerillas fighting in trenches.

  13. Defense of Hong Kong: Outcome • Hong Kong lost • 2000 of 14 000 defenders were killed (over 550 Canadians) • the rest suffered in Japanese POW camps for the rest of the war • Those who survived came home with bad health and shortened lives Prisoners of War

  14. Axis Losses 47,873 KIA 97,145 MIA and POW’s 163,600 WIA Allied Losses 59,151 KIA 30,849 MIA 220,000 WIA The Italian Campaign: Background Fought from July 10, 1943 until May 8, 1945 It was fought through out Italy, starting in Sicily and ending well into Northern Italy.

  15. What Happened • Began with amphibious/airborne invasion of Sicily on July 10, 1943 • Later they slowly Invaded main land Italy, breaking through heavy opposition. • They took towns and cities along the way, at a very high price. • Germany surrendered on May 2, 1945 after losing almost all their fighting force.

  16. Significance This battle was fought before the battle of Normandy quite intentionally so as to draw German troop away from the French beaches. It also allowed the allies to capture Rome and gave the Italians a chance to separate from Germany

  17. The Raid on Dieppe: Significance: • A huge failure • More Canadians died in one hour in Dieppe then in any other day of the war • Canadian troops become more experienced for the D-Day invasion two years later • Also concentrated German’s attention more to the Eastern Front

  18. The object was to attack and destroy targets on the port of Dieppe, France, to make the English channel defense stronger at the expense of other armed areas The element of surprise was gone by morning light The main attack on Dieppe beach was swept with machine guns making a successful raid impossible The raid was conquered by Germany soldiers by the afternoon The Raid on Dieppe :Summary

  19. The Raid on Dieppe : Background Information • On August 19th, 1942 • The Dieppe Raid is also known as The Operation Jubilee • 4,963 Canadians, 907 died including 56 officers and 1,946 were captured • the Royal Regiment of Canada were on the beaches of Puys, Dieppe and Pourville

  20. Home Front

  21. Kids at home had to take the place of their parents who went to war and some worked on farms • Teens from 17 to 18 would go to war • Sometimes teens would lie about their age so there were some soldiers who were only 13 years old

  22. Youth were constantly being encouraged to go fight • Age for getting a drivers license went down to 14 years of age

  23. Canadian Production of War Materials • The Second World War was highly mechanized. • The industry in Canada produced 800,000 military transport vehicles, 50,000 tanks, 40,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, and 1,700,000 small arms. • With this massive production there was a ratio of one vehicle for every three soldiers. http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/secondwar/fact_sheets/material

  24. Canadian Production of War Materials: Significance • The sacrifices made by Canadians during the Second World War were numerous and spanned a broad range of efforts. • The contributions of the home front industry helped produce essential material in the war.

  25. Propaganda • There was a lot of propaganda used during the second world war. • Lord Kitchener struck his famous pose of pointing at the viewer and saying “BRITONS want YOU to join the army” which worked so well that the U.S. copied him using Uncle Sam. • Many different styles of posters were also used to sell war bonds, which gave extra money to the war effort, and paid you more then you spent when the war ended. • War stamps were sold to children, for less cost, as well as less return • Uncle Sam originated in the 1800’s and came into play during wars by copying Lord Kitchener • Sources: http://www.wardsbookofdays.com/index_files/Kitchener2.JPG • http://www.sonofthesouth.net/uncle-sam/ • http://italy.indymedia.org/uploads/2005/03/buy_war_bonds_01.jpg • http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/women_chron/images/warbond.jpg

  26. Propaganda examples

  27. Science and Technology: WWII • There were many technological innovations in the WWII era. Some include: • Anti-fog windshield fluid • Synthetic rubber • Use of nylon for parachutes • Study of magnetism to protect the hulls of ships from mines • Canadian Anti-Acoustic Torpedo (CAT) gear developed for the protection from torpedoes. http://www-ics.u-strasbg.fr/~etsp/lecture/mchem_poly/f/parachute.jpg http://www.100.nist.gov/rubber.jpg http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_Torpedo_pic.jpg

  28. Science and Tech con’t… • One of the bigger innovations was the atomic bomb (fission bomb). • This was done by splitting the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei. • This atomic bomb was used in the last battle of WWII, Hiroshima-Nagasaki. http://blog.dreamhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/atomic-bomb.jpg

  29. Women at War;{Description} Women: • Worked in Factories • Drove taxies, buses, streetcars • Built parts for air planes, subs and ships • worked on Air fields • Took on their sons jobs on farms • The role of women changed dramatically for the second world war.

  30. Women at War;{Significance} • Proved they had the skills • Prior to war 600,000 women held jobs, after the war 1,200,000 did • Women built a reputation for fine precision work in optics, etc. • The efforts of both men and women who contributed in WW2, have helped create a lasting legacy for Canada.

  31. International Battles

  32. Battle for Berlin • One of the final battles of WW2 • One of the “bloodiest battles in the world” • Start late April 1945 until early May • Russia out numbered Germany 5:1 in soldiers • Hitler committed suicide before the end of the battle • Germany surrender • Nearly a quarter of a million people died during the last three weeks of World War Two • 70,000 Russian soldiers lost their life

  33. D – Day - Events • June 6th 1944 • Royal Canadian Air Force pre bombed key points • Royal Canadian Navy contributed 10 000 sailors • Stormy weather (English channel: rough) • Only one Canadian unit reached its D-Day objective • Element of surprise http://www.orbitcast.com/archives/d-day.jpg

  34. D – Day – In relation to WWII 60th Anniversary of D-Day, Omaha Beach, Normandy, France June 6, 2004 http://dallaspolicechoir.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/P1030506.33570747_std.JPG • Huge success • Allies had landed as many as 155,000 troops in France, 6,000 vehicles, 600 guns and about 4,000 tons of supplies • Sealed the Deal ( 1944: Nearing end of war)

  35. Dunkirk, the definition • While fighting, many Allied troop divisions were trapped in the coastal port of Dunkirk. • Of the 400 000 troops that were caught in Dunkirk, around 60 000 of them were killed or wounded while fighting the 800 000 Germans, who only lost 10 000 troops • 338 000 Allied troops were evacuated over an 8 day period. • Due to the nature of the allied evacuation, the Allie’s had to leave behind many machine guns and vehicles. • The Allies lost almost double troops and planes as the German army. Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWdunkirk.htm

  36. Dunkirk, The significances Large number of Allied soldiers lost in comparison to Germans Allies would have been at great disadvantage if soldiers had not escapedGerman army was strengthened by Allies loss of machine guns, vehicles and other machinery that the Allies left. Hitler thought something was wrong, because it was so easy.

  37. El Alamein Summery • fought in deserts of North Africa • seen as one of the main victories of World War Two • mainly between two of the outstanding commanders who were Montgomery and Rommel • allied victory lead to the Afrika Korpa retreating and the Germans surrendering on May 1943

  38. Fall of France • Germany invaded France • The battle consisted of two main operations, Case Yellow and Case Red -German armored units cut off and surrounded the Allies that had advanced into Belgium -German forces attacked a larger territory of France using blitzkrieg

  39. Fall of France con’t… • June 13th Paris was invaded by German forces -they were expecting an invasion from the east • June 23rd France surrendered, which meant: • Disarmament of the French troops • Occupation of two-thirds of France by Germany • France was occupied by Germany until the Allied landing in1944 http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/szyk/wartime/media/80491z.jpg

  40. Hiroshima – What Happened • August 6, 1945, 8:15am the US dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan • Happened under command of US President Truman • A 9 700 lb uranium bomb • Nicknamed “Little Boy” • Instantly killed 70 000 http://students.umf.maine.edu/~donoghtp/Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg

  41. The bodies of those close to detonation were turned to char Described as a blinding light combined with an overwhelming wave of heat The detonation of fires created a fire storm About 5 days later radiation sickness appeared Hiroshima – What Happened http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/usaweb/Images/manhattanproject_w_bomb.jpg

  42. Why the bomb was dropped: An attempt to end the war Hiroshima was an important military centre Japan ignored the ultimatum to surrender or suffer the consequences This bomb along with a second bomb in Nagasaki, Japan, 3 days later were the only two Nuclear bombs dropped in history of war Hiroshima – Related to the War Little Boy http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/little-boy-model.jpg Big Boy http://www.ufo-blog.com/images/hiroshima_and_nagasaki_bombs.jpg

  43. Dropped by B-29 Super fortress - Enola Gay August 15 1945 Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers Even though the bombs killed many innocent civilians, it is said to have saved the lives of millions of Japanese and American troops because of the Japanese surrender Hiroshima – Related to the War http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/images/1110-02.jpg

  44. Invasion Of Sicily: Background • The plan was to land the two armies side by side in southern Sicily, and advance directly across the island. • A corpse disguised as a British officer was sent to drift ashore in Spain, carrying a briefcase containing fake allied documents. These documents revealed that the Allies were planning to invade Greece and not Sicily.

  45. Invasion Of Sicily: Battle And Outcome • The Allies landed in strong winds which ensured the element of surprise • The Allies only met minor opposition • After a week of fighting the Allies took over the capitol of Sicily (Palermo) which signaled the loss of Sicily to the Germans and Italians

  46. Iwo Jima • Date: Feb16 – March 26, 1945 • Location: Iwo Jima • Description: capture would make emergency landing strip for damaged B-29s during the bombing runs. • Iwo Jima had 3 airfields which made it ideal for fighting. • Tokyo thought if there were enough American casualties, Washington wouldn’t dare launch an attack. • Japanese strategy: no Japanese survivors (heroic in their eyes).

  47. Significance of Iwo Jima • Important air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan. • seizing Iwo Jima would let sea/air blockades, power to conduct intense air bombardment and destroy the enemy’s air and navel capabilities. • Capturing Iwo Jima meant the battle for Okinawa, and the invasion of Japan was on its way to becoming reality.

  48. Normandy Description • The battle of Normandy lasted 3 months • After the Allies took the beach they needed to expand quickly to give them more of a foothold • It took the allies 10 days to make a significant foothold in France

  49. Normandy What Happened • Canadians, British and Americans attacked the coast of Normandy • 1074 casualties 359 deaths • July 8 1944 Canadians captured Buron and Authie • July 10 1944 Canadians captured Caen

  50. Normandy Significance • It gave the allies a foot hold in Europe to ultimately push the Germans back into Germany

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