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General Anesthesia

General Anesthesia. Definition of General Anasthesia . General anaesthesia means being ASLEEP. Definition of Anasthesia. General Anesthesia is a state of: “CAREFULLY CONTOROLLED REVERSABLE UNCONSCIOUSNESS”. Triad:. Hypnosis. Muscle Relaxation. Analgesia. Anaesthiologist’s Tools.

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General Anesthesia

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  1. General Anesthesia

  2. Definition of General Anasthesia • General anaesthesia means being ASLEEP.

  3. Definition of Anasthesia • General Anesthesia is a state of: “CAREFULLY CONTOROLLED REVERSABLE UNCONSCIOUSNESS”. • Triad: Hypnosis Muscle Relaxation Analgesia

  4. Anaesthiologist’s Tools • Anaesthetic Drugs. • Equipments • Airway equipment • Anaesthesia machine • Monitors

  5. Anaesthetic Drugs • 3- 15 drugs. • 4 Basic categories: • Intravenous induction agents. • Gases and Volatile Liquids. • Analgesics. • Muscle Relaxants and their antagonists.

  6. 1. IV Induction Agents

  7. 2. Inhalation Anaesthetics • Volatile Liquids or gases that are given by inhalation → diffuse rapidly from the lungs to the circulation → consequently produce reversible CNS depression and anaesthesia. • + maintainance of Analgesia.

  8. 3. Opioid Analgesics • Morphine and its synthetic derevatives (e.g. Pethedine and Fentanyl. • Act on the opiate receptors at multiple sites in the central nervous system. • May be used as: • Intraoperative supplementation of general anaesthesia. • Post operative pain killers. • As part of premedication. • The 2 main side effects: • Respiratory Depression. • Nausea and vomitting

  9. Muscle Relaxants • Also known as “Neuromuscular Blockers”. • Act at the neuromuscular junctions by blocking the binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

  10. Muscle Relaxants 2 • Mechanisms of Action: • Depolarize the receptor continuously → Initial Stimulation → Followed by Paralysis. • Competitively antagonizing acetylcholine at the receptor sites without initial stimulation. • Indications for use: • Paralyze laryngeal muscles. • Improve surgical procedures?

  11. Muscle Relaxants 4 • Neostigmine ? • + Atropine?

  12. Anaesthesia Equipment • The Airway in anaesthetized patients tend to be occluded and liable to aspiration of secretions and vomitus. • Why? • Answer: • Falling back of the tongue and pharyngeal obstruction. • Inhibition of protective airway reflexes.

  13. The Anaesthesia Machine

  14. Refrence • The Anaesthesthesia and ICU Topics For The Undergraduate Medical Students. Dr. Mohamed K. H. M. Moustafa. Associte Professor, Faculty of Medicine. Assiut University, Assiut, EGYPT, Consultant Anesthesthesia and ICU, Al Ain Hospital, Al Ain, UAE. 2005- 2006.

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