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Technology, Innovation, ICT and Economic Performance

Technology, Innovation, ICT and Economic Performance. April, 2001 Risaburo NEZU, Director Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Average real GDP growth rate, %. Source: OECD. Average real GDP growth rate, %.

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Technology, Innovation, ICT and Economic Performance

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  1. Technology, Innovation, ICT and Economic Performance April, 2001 Risaburo NEZU, Director Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

  2. Average real GDP growth rate,% Source: OECD

  3. Average real GDP growth rate,% Source: OECD

  4. Trend growth in GDP per capita, Average annual % change Note 1)Total Norway. 2)1990-98. 3)West Germany for 1980-90; Total Germany for 1991-99 Source: OECD

  5. Labour utilisation and trend growth in GDP per capita Average annual % change, 1990-1999 Source: OECD

  6. Convergence and divergence of GDP per capita in the OECD area

  7. US Productivity in Nonfarm Business SectorIndex 1992 = 100 120 120 1995 to 1999 trend growth of 2.9 percent per year 110 110 1973 to 1995 trend growth 100 100 of 1.4 percent per year 90 90 80 80 Actual 70 70 73 76 79 83 87 91 95 99 Source: USDOC

  8. 5 5 First 2 years Years 3 & 4 4 4 Years 5 & 6 Years 7 & above 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 2000 1961-69 1982-90 1991-99 Expansions US productivity growth during expansions Source: USDOC

  9. Business fixed capital formation(current)/GDP(current) Source: OECD

  10. ICT capital and GDP growth Source: OECD

  11. Growth effect of ICT Source: OECD

  12. The price of ICT investment Source: OECD

  13. Breakdown of labour productivity growth Left: 1989-95, Right: 1995-99 Source: OECD

  14. Labour productivity contributions by selected service industries,% point (a) Wholesale and retail trade; repairs (b) Finance, insurance, real estate and business services Source: OECD

  15. Pick-up in MFP growth and increase in ICT use Note: Change in multi-factor productivity growth corrected for hours worked, average 1990s minus average 1980s. Source: OECD

  16. Pick-up in MFP growth and Internet access costs Note: Change in multi-factor productivity growth corrected for hours worked, average 1990s minus average 1980s. Source: OECD

  17. Internet access basket for 20 hours at peak times using discounted PSTN rates, September 2000, Including VAT Source: OECD

  18. National long-distance market shares of new operators(share of switched minutes) Source: OECD

  19. International market shares of new market entrants(share of minutes of international traffic) Source: OECD

  20. Status of Wireless Liberalisation Source: OECD

  21. The impact of liberalisation on bandwidth prices Source: OECD

  22. Network expansion (fixed network, cellular mobile, Internet hosts weighted by usage) CAGR%, 1995-1999 30 Hungary Czech Republic 25 Poland United States Iceland Ireland Portugal Korea Spain Austria 20 Italy Finland Netherlands Luxembourg Norway Mexico Australia Switzerland Belgium Canada New Zealand Japan 15 Denmark Turkey United Kingdom Greece France Germany Sweden 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Actual GDP per capita growth in the OECD area, 1995-1999 Network expansion and GDP growth Source: OECD

  23. Local market shares by competitive new entrants(share of access lines) Source: OECD

  24. OECD tariff rebalancing by distance Notes: The average of index (1990 = 0) in each country weighted by the number of mainlines. Calculation is based on PPPs expressed in USD. Luxembourg and New Zealand are not included. Source: OECD

  25. Average Date of Initial PSTN Liberalisation*, Pricing and Hosts Price Hosts US$ 0 - 40 : 1992 60-180: 1993 US$ 40 -60 : 1995 40-60: 1996 US$ 60-80 : 1998 20-40: 1996 US$ 80 - 100: 1999 0-20: 2000 * the average is calculated using the expected date of liberalisation for monopolies. Access costs and uptake of the Internet Source: OECD

  26. The cost of leased lines in the OECD, August 2000 Charges for a basket of national leased lines of 2 Megabits per second Source: OECD

  27. Internet hosts per 1000 inhabitants in G7 countries Source: OECD

  28. Online Time and PricingHours spent online (average per month) Source: OECD

  29. Rapid development of electronic commerce by unmetered access (Unmetered: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, U.S.) Source:OECD and Netcraft (www.netcraft.com)

  30. Investment in telecommunications and roads in US Source: OECD

  31. Investment in telecommunication and roads in Japan Source: OECD

  32. Public telecommunication investment(USD million) Source: OECD

  33. Cable modem lines and DSL lines per 100 Inhabitants Source: OECD

  34. Packaged software and information technology services share of GDP: 1999 Source: OECD

  35. Growth in software employment in the business sector 1990-99 Source: OECD

  36. US H-1 Visa issued by country of origin (1989-99) Source: Lowell

  37. Expected duration with first employer by year of graduationComputer science and engineering graduates in the US Rates of turnover of IT workersby age group in the US, 1995-97 Source: NRC Source: McKinsey

  38. US$ million % R&D Expenditures (1999)PTOs and telecommunications equipment manufacturers Source: OECD

  39. R&D/Sales in large information technology companies in US Source: National Research Council

  40. Number of patents in US and Japan Source: OECD

  41. 3 . 5 U n i t e d S t a t e s 3 . 0 I s r a e l 2 . 5 A u s t r a l i a 2 . 0 C a n a d a U K 1 . 5 F r a n c e 1 . 0 G e r m a n y 0 . 5 J a p a n 0 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 Science linkage in selected countries Measured by average number of scientific papers in US patents Source: CHI Research

  42. Destination of the government R&D funds by sector of performance, 1999 or nearest year available As % of total public R&D funding Source: OECD

  43. 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Italy Korea Spain Turkey Japan Norway Austria France Greece Mexico Poland Ireland Iceland Sweden Finland Hungary Canada Denmark Australia Portugal Belgium Germany Switzerland Netherlands New Zealand United States Czech Republic United Kingdom Business R&D financed by government % of GDP, 1999 Source: OECD

  44. 1980 Source: OECD

  45. Intermediary business for the intellectual property rights transfer Source: MITI, Patent Office

  46. United States France Canada Belgium Australia 0 5 10 15 Japan (?) The entrepreneurial routeRate of spin-offs formation in the 1990s Yearly average number of spin-offs from public research per billion $ of publicly-funded R&D Source: OECD

  47. Biotechnology Patent in US and Japan The share of Genetic engineering patent filed by US applicant in US The share of Genetic engineering patent filed by Japanese applicant in Japan (Note1) 1971 – 1998 (grant year) U.S. applicants’ patent granted by USPTO (Note2) 1971 – August, 1998 (publication year) Japanese applicants’ patent published by JPO Source: Japanese Patent Office

  48. GDP Growth, 1989-99 GDP growth and comparable start-up rates Source: OECD

  49. The level of entrepreneurial activity across OECD countries Source: OECD

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