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Discovering Cells

Discovering Cells. Cell. Pronunciation : (How to say it) [Sel] Definition : Basic organizational unit of structure (how it’s built) and function (how it works) in living organisms. (Organism = living thing.

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Discovering Cells

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  1. Discovering Cells

  2. Cell • Pronunciation: (How to say it) [Sel] • Definition: Basic organizational unit of structure (how it’s built) and function (how it works) in living organisms. (Organism = living thing. • Cells form the parts of an organism and carry out all of an organism’s processes, or functions.

  3. Cells form all the parts of our bodies and carry out all the jobs different parts of our bodies have to do. Carrying messages

  4. Cells are very tiny, and most individual cells can only be seen with a microscope. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

  5. The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.

  6. Cells & Structure Living things are built differently because of the different kinds of cells they have and the different ways their cells are put together. The way a body is built determines how it works.

  7. Cells and Function Cells do all the different jobs our bodies need, carrying out a wide range of functions, like…

  8. Cells in Our Bodies Do This Job Maintaining chemical concentrations

  9. Cells in Our Bodies Do This Job Expelling (getting rid of) wastes

  10. Cells in Our Bodies Do This Job Ingesting food

  11. Cells in Our Bodies Do This Job Responding to the environment

  12. Cells in Our Bodies Do This Job Growing

  13. Cells function similarly in all organisms, doing the same kinds of jobs no matter what kind of living thing they’re in.

  14. Robert Hooke Named cells when looking at a thin slice of cork through a compound microscope he made himself.

  15. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Also made his own simple microscope and observed living cells from pond water and scrapings from teeth (bacteria in plaque)

  16. Matthias Schleiden All plants are made of cells

  17. Theodor Schwann All animals (and all living things) are made of cells

  18. Rudolf Virchow All cells come from other cells

  19. Cell Theory • Pronunciation: [Sel theer-ee] • Definition: Widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things • Parts of cell theory: • All living things are composed or made of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things • All cells are produced from pre-existing cells

  20. Cells function similarly in all organisms. Regardless of the organism they are a part of, cells carry out the basic processes of life in similar ways. Organisms may be composed of one cell or many trillions of cells

  21. Unicellular • Pronunciation:   [you-knee-SEL-yuh-ler] • Uni=one • Definition: Single-celled or made of one cell

  22. Multicellular • Pronunciation: [muhl-tee-SEL-yuh-ler] • Multi = many • Definition: Composed or made of many cells

  23. Differentiation As multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate. This means that their cells become different, and that the shape of the cell is linked to its specialized function, or the job it does.

  24. Differentiation Cells take on specialized functions; some become the heart, brain, etc.

  25. After Differentiation After differentiation, most cells lose the ability to become another type of cell.

  26. Nerve Cell Specialization The long, fingerlike extensions of the nerve cell help transmit information from one part of your body to another.

  27. Blood Cell Specialization Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body. Their flattened shape enables them to fit through tiny blood vessels.

  28. Cells: Organizational Units In multicellular organisms, cells are often organized into differentiated tissues, organs, and organ systems with specialized functions

  29. Tissue • Pronunciation:  [tish-oo] • Definition: a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function • Examples: muscle tissue, nerve tissue

  30. Brain The brain is made of nervous tissue, which consists of nerve cells.

  31. Organ • Pronunciation: [ore-gun] • Definition: Made of different kinds of tissues that work together • Example: Brain contains other types of tissues, like blood vessels and the connective tissue that protects the brain

  32. Other Organs Heart, liver, and kidneys

  33. Organ System • Pronunciation: [ORE-gun-SIS-tem] • Definition: Group of organs that work together to perform a major function or job • Examples: Brain is part of nervous system, which directs body activities and processes

  34. Other Organ Systems • Musculoskeletal • Digestive • Circulatory

  35. Organ systems function because of the contributions of individually specialized organs, tissues, and cells. The failure of any part can affect the entire system.

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