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Emergence of Modern Science

Emergence of Modern Science. NS 1300 Dr. Hoge. Chapter 3 – Energy. Mechanical Energy Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Electromagnetic Energy Entropy. Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy is Neither Created nor Destroyed Enthalpy: H = U + pV H is the enthalpy

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Emergence of Modern Science

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  1. Emergence of Modern Science NS 1300 Dr. Hoge

  2. Chapter 3 – Energy • Mechanical Energy • Thermal Energy • Chemical Energy • Electromagnetic Energy • Entropy

  3. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy is Neither Created nor Destroyed • Enthalpy: H = U + pV • H is the enthalpy • U is the internal energy • p is the pressure of the system • V is the volume • Entropy: S = k log W • W is the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate • K is Boltzmann’s Constant • Open Systems and Closed Systems • The Universe is the Only Closed System in Nature

  4. Energy Conversion • Any form of energy can be transformed into any other form • Energy is the Ability to Do Work

  5. Work • Work = Force X Distance (W = Fd) • Simple Machines

  6. Mechanical Energy • Potential Energy • PE = -G(m1m2/R) • Kinetic Energy • E = 1/2mv2

  7. Thermal Energy • Thermal Energy • Heat • Temperature • Calories

  8. Chemical Energy • Oxidation – Reduction • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Burning • Rusting

  9. Trophic Levels • Producers • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis • Consumers • Grazers • Predators • Parasites • Decomposers • Saprophytes

  10. Electromagnetic Energy • E = mc2

  11. The Photon • Particle – Wave Duality • Photoelectric Effect • Induction

  12. Power • Power = Work / Time (P = W/t)

  13. Power Sources • Solar • Fossil Fuels • Electricity • Batteries

  14. Future Energy Sources • Wind • Geothermal • Nuclear • Biofuels • Hydrogen

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