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IdeaIs and ReaIity of the 1919 Egyptian RevoIution and the RoIe of the WAFD

IdeaIs and ReaIity of the 1919 Egyptian RevoIution and the RoIe of the WAFD. By: MikaeIa Brandt-Fontaine, Nathan CarroII, Sebastian CoII, Cameron Fudeh, Lizzy Furey, AIison Grausam,Tristan Persaud. Causes. Egypt had been occupied by the British since 1882.

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IdeaIs and ReaIity of the 1919 Egyptian RevoIution and the RoIe of the WAFD

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  1. IdeaIs and ReaIity of the 1919 Egyptian RevoIution and the RoIe of the WAFD By: MikaeIa Brandt-Fontaine, Nathan CarroII, Sebastian CoII, Cameron Fudeh, Lizzy Furey, AIison Grausam,Tristan Persaud

  2. Causes • Egypt had been occupied by the British since 1882. • When WWI broke out in 1914, Egypt was declared a British protectorate and put under martial law. • Egyptians resented the presence of British troops, their seizure of resources, and the conscription of Egyptian workers into labor camps. • Inspired by Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which promised the right to self-determination, the Wafd party leaders demanded to travel to London to negotiate independence two days after the war ended.

  3. What Happened • The protesters in Egypt initially used civil disobedience. • A petition was held by Wafd members to authorize Egypt’s local leaders to move for complete independence. • The British government responded by detaining the new revolution’s leaders. • Until April, there were strikes and demonstrations in the larger cities every day by people of different occupations and religions. • While in more rural areas, violent uprising occurred. • Britain responded by offering to recognise Egypt’s sovereignty, as long as some of Britain’s influence in that region was sustained.

  4. Effects/Results • British recognition of Egyptian independence • Implementation of a new constitution • Continued British presence in Egypt & Sudan

  5. Ideals • the people of Egypt wanted independence • officially a British protectorate • like a colony, but maintain some semblance of sovereignty • no international diplomacy or national protection • Britain forced Egyptians into labor corporations and used their land without permission

  6. The Wafd Party • The Wafd (“Delegation”) was a nationalistliberal political party in Egypt • Dissolved after the revolution of 1952 • Led by Saad Zaghlul Pasha, the goal of the Wafd was to achieve complete independence for Egypt.

  7. Wafd Founders

  8. Role of the Wafd • The Wafd Party was denied permission to have representatives go to London and speak with the home government; as well as attend the Paris Peace Conference. • In response, Wafd leaders published memos and gave speeches around the country. • Many Wafd leaders, including Saad Zaghloul , were deported to the island of Malta. • Resulted in Student strikes, beginning the revolution of 1919. • Saad Zaghloul was released and the Wafd party was strengthened, with true public support.

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