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Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and Minerals. Chapter 9. Lesson 1 Vocabulary. mineral- natural, nonliving solid with a definite chemical structure crystal- a regular, repeating pattern in which particles of minerals are arranged rock- a solid, natural material made up of one or more minerals. Lesson 1 Vocabulary.

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Rocks and Minerals

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  1. Rocks and Minerals Chapter 9

  2. Lesson 1 Vocabulary mineral- natural, nonliving solid with a definite chemical structure crystal- a regular, repeating pattern in which particles of minerals are arranged rock- a solid, natural material made up of one or more minerals

  3. Lesson 1 Vocabulary sedimentary rock- formed from layers of sediment that have been cemented together igneous rock- formed from lava that has cooled and hardened metamorphic rock- formed when heat, pressure, or chemical reactions change one type of rock into another type of rock

  4. Lesson 2 Vocabulary organic matter- any substance that is made of living things or the remains of living things humus- the organic part of soil

  5. Lesson 1 Notes Minerals can be identified by: streak- color left after being rubbed against an unglazed ceramic tile (true color) hardness- the ability of one mineral to scratch another (1-10 softest to hardest) crystals- each mineral has a unique shape luster- appearance of a mineral in light (metallic or nonmetallic)

  6. Lesson 1 Notes Sedimentary rocks form in layers. The oldest rock is at the bottom. Scientists look at the layers of sedimentary rock to determine the relative dates of past events. Fossils, which form when an organism is buried in soft mud, can be found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils can also help determine a rock’s age. (examples- bones, shells, and wood)

  7. Lesson 1 Notes

  8. Lesson 2 Notes Three layers of soil: topsoil- mixture of small rock pieces, humus, and other organic matter subsoil- middle layer with less organic matter parent rock- lowest layer with very little organic material

  9. Lesson 2 Notes Types of soil: clay- fine grained and holds water extremely well silt- medium-sized grains sandy- large grained and holds water poorly

  10. Lesson 2 Notes Factors that affect soil: climate- determines the rate at which rocks break down rock- types of minerals in the rock affect the color and texture of the soil land shape- mountains have thin layers of soil due to erosion from their slope; flat land has a thick layer of topsoil

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