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A Presentation on SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEM

A Presentation on SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEM. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Guided By:. Prepared By:. Mr. H.V . GOHIL Mr . R.R PATEL. ANSARI KAUSHARALI . N PANCHAL DHAVAL. H SHAH AKSHIT. ABSTRACT.

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A Presentation on SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEM

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  1. A Presentation on SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEM Department of Mechanical Engineering Guided By: Prepared By: Mr. H.V. GOHIL Mr. R.R PATEL ANSARI KAUSHARALI . N PANCHAL DHAVAL. H SHAH AKSHIT

  2. ABSTRACT • A solar lighting system which can make a 18x3 w lamp glow continuously for about (7) hours • If the battery is fully charged has been constructed. Here, solar energy is collected with the aid of a solar panel and thus, a battery is charged during day time with the help of a simple charging circuit. • During night time, this stored energy is used to lights. The device can be used for small-scale lighting applications in remote areas that are far away from the power grid. • The system has a panel to collect the sun’s energy, a battery to store that energy and a light source to use the energy. • The system operates like a bank account. Withdrawals from the battery to power the light source must be compensated for by commensurate deposits of energy form the solar panels.

  3. GLOBAL ENERGY RESOURCES • Global Solar Radiation In India: • The India of Solar Power and of this 10 GW target, 4 GW would fall under the central scheme and the remaining 6 GW under various State specific schemes • It was reported that India was ready to launch its National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013

  4. INTRODUCTION • Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished such as sunlight. • About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable resources. • solar panels were first used in space in 1958. • Now a days solar system is wide used for electricity generation. • Solar lighting system is the technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of the sun using semi conductor materials and this is energy efficient lighting technology.

  5. The energy conversion devices which are used to convert sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. • The Solar Energy can be directly converted in to electrical energy by means of photovoltaic effect i.e. conversion of light in to electricity

  6. WORKING PRINCIPLE • Equipments Requirements • Solar Panel • Solar Charger Controller • Lead-acid battery • Inverter • Lights

  7. WORKING PRINCIPLE Solar Panel: • The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy by means of photovoltaic effect, i.e. conversion of light into electricity. Generation of an electromotive force due to absorption of ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic effect. • The energy conversion devices which are used to convert sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells.

  8. WORKING PRINCIPLE Solar Charger Controller : • Overcharging of some batteries results in loss of electrolytic, corrosion, plate growth and loss of active material from the plates, causing reduction in battery life. • Thus, there is a need of charge regulators to optimize the battery life. Most charge regulators start the charging process with a high current and reduce it to a very low level when a certain battery voltage is reached.

  9. WORKING PRINCIPLE Battery storage: • The simplest means of storage on a smaller moderate scale is in electric storage batteries, especially as solar cells produce the direct electric current required for battery charging. The stored energy can then be delivered as electricity upon discharge. Inverters: • These are the devices usually solid state, which change the array DC output to AC of suitable voltage, frequency

  10. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY • The solar photovoltaic array consists of an appropriate number of solar cells connected in series and or parallel to provide the required current and voltage. The array is so oriented as to collect the maximum solar radiation throughout the year. • The array design falls into two broad classes: • Flat Plate Arrays • Concentrating Arrays:

  11. SOLAR CELL PRINCIPLES • The photo-voltaic effect can be observed in nature in a variety of materials, but the materials that have shown the best performance in sunlight are the semi-conductors as stated above. • When photons from the sun are absorbed in a semiconductor, they create free electrons with higher energies than the electrons which provide the bonding in the base crystal. • Once these electrons are created, there must be an electric field to induce these higher energy electrons to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work. • The electric field in most solar cells is provided by a junction of materials which have different electrical properties.

  12. DESIGN AND FABRICATION • The design and fabrication of a typical solar powered fan can be explained with the help of a block diagram. The block diagram describes a simple solar powered fan with a manual. Let us study the block diagram in detail by classifying it into three sections

  13. I) Input Section • Photovoltaic array II) Storage Section • The storage section includes a battery. • The characteristics of the battery are as below:

  14. iii) Output Section • Output system includes various devices and equipments used for the distribution of the power. Switch • Manual ON/OFF • Wires • Type: 2 core with sleeve • Quantity: 10 meters • High copper rich 10amp wire for minimum power loss.

  15. EFFICIENCY OF POWER OUTPUT • For both practical and theoretical reasons, not all of the solar radiation energy falling on a solar cell can be converted into electrical energy. A specific amount of energy is required to produce a free electron and a hole in a semiconductor. Consequently infrared radiation of longer wavelength has no photovoltaic effect and energy radiation with shorter wavelength cannot be completely utilized. • The maximum energy in radiation that is capable of producing free electrons and holes in silicon is only about 45%. The maximum practical efficiency for conversion of solar energy into electrical energy in a silicon solar cell is estimated to be about 10% Amount of electricity produced Conversion Efficiency = -------------------------------------------- Total input of solar energy radiation

  16. ABOUT THE PROJECT • This project is designed to improve existing solar collection system to provide higher efficiency for lower cost. The existing system receives sun energy only for new hours, which is really not economical when compare the cost, which we are spending. • Here the proposed system is designed to observe the sun light for the available maximum hours, for example – 12 hours a day. This project operates a solar panel to constantly face sun at 90 degrees to produce maximum voltage. It will move the solar panel from east to west to correct for the durational movement of the Sun in the sky. The set of Light Intensify Sensors give the input to the and it operates Stepper motors with mechanism

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