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Background

Background. Native Americans Early European Exploration Spanish, French settlements. Earliest immigrants. 35,000-25,000 BC Ice Age Hunter / gatherers Beringia. The First Americans?. Hohokam Anasazi Farmers of SW Pueblos. Early European exploration. Vikings Around 1000 AD

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Background

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  1. Background Native Americans Early European Exploration Spanish, French settlements

  2. Earliest immigrants • 35,000-25,000 BC • Ice Age • Hunter / gatherers • Beringia

  3. The First Americans? • Hohokam • Anasazi • Farmers of SW • Pueblos

  4. Early European exploration • Vikings • Around 1000 AD • Short-lived settlement

  5. Europe before Columbus •  feudalism •  centralized states •  merchant class

  6. Europe before Columbus • Renaissance • Artistic/intellectual movement • Humanism • Exploration • New technology • Gunpowder • Astrolabe • Compass

  7. Europeans go exploring • Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator • Da Gama / Dias • Sea routes to India

  8. Christopher Columbus • Sailed in 1492 • Genoa, Italy • Reach Asia by sailing W • Nobody in Italy believed him…

  9. Christopher Columbus …but you’ve been lied to…

  10. Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand & Isabella sponsored • Quick sea route to Asia • Quick route = big profits • Found Caribbean Islands

  11. Spanish goals • 3 reasons for exploration: • God

  12. Spanish goals • 3 reasons for exploration: • God • Gold

  13. Spanish goals • 3 reasons for exploration: • God • Gold • Glory

  14. Spanish goals • Find gold • Convert natives to Christianity • Dominance over rest of Europe

  15. Spanish impact on Natives • Conquistadors encountered: • Aztecs (Mexico) • Maya (Central America) • Inca (South America) • Advanced: Math, science, astronomy • Not advanced: No steel, guns, horses

  16. Spanish go north • Juan Ponce de Leon • Explored FL (beginning 1513) • “Fountain of youth” • St. Augustine • 1st permanent settlement - 1565

  17. Spanish go north • Coronado • Explored what is now SW USA • Called it New Mexico • Franciscan missionaries • Intermarriage common • Mestizos

  18. Encomienda system • Landowners – native workers’ “caretakers” • Protection • Spanish language • Catholicism • In return – labor from natives • Akin to slavery

  19. Popé’s Rebellion • 1680 – SantaFé • Popé – Pueblo leader • Killed 400 Spanish, expelled other 2000 • Spanish reconquered 1692

  20. Columbian Exchange • Europeans get new foods  • People in Americas get new foods  • (and deadly diseases) 

  21. Disease • Natives had no immunity • Measles • Mumps • Chicken pox • Typhus • Smallpox • Disease was worse than any army

  22. Impact on Europe • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Spain and Portugal had been setting up colonies • Battled over areas of control • Agreed on border to split up Americas

  23. Who do you think won? Spanish Control Portugese Control

  24. Extent of Spanish Empire

  25. French settlement • Fur trading camps: • Modern Canada • Native-friendly • Mostly men – hunters & priests • Intermarriage with natives • (Hunters, not all that many priests)

  26. French settlement • Fur trading camps: • Small population • Only Catholics allowed • No Huguenots • Few towns – only trading posts

  27. French settlement • Samuel de Champlain • Alliance with Huron vs. Iroqouis Confederacy over fur trade control • Founded Quebec 1608

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