CHAPTER 13: ENERGY

1. CHAPTER 13: ENERGY 13-1: What major sources of energy do we use?

3. Most Energy Comes From The Sun • 99% of all energy on the surface of the Earth comes from the sun, the other 1% is commercial energy (sold in the marketplace). Of the 1%... (world energy stats) • 76% Non-renewable Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) • 18% Renewable Energy (wind, hydropower, geothermal, ***biomass) • 6% Non-renewable Nuclear Energy

4. Renewable vs. Non-Renewable • Renewable Resources – resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. • Non-Renewable Resources – resources that are not naturally replenished on a human timescale such as oil, coal, and natural gas

5. Largest Consumers of Fossil Fuels • # 1 – United States • # 2 – China • # 3 – European Union

7. How do we make electricity? • http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/electricity/

8. Power Plant

10. Make a pie chart of the US electrical sources • Finish the state electrical generation maps and questions

11. QUESTIONS? • For each energy source we will explore the following… • 1) What is the source? • 2) Where is it found in large concentrations? • 3) How do we harness this source? • 4) What are the problems with extracting it from the ground and/or building structures to harness it? • 5) What do we use the source for (besides electricity)? • 6) What are the problems of the waste of this process?

12. CHAPTER 13: E-N-E-R-G-Y OIL

13. 1) What is OIL? • Petroleum (crude oil) – gooey mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen compounds • plankton and other sea life that sank to bottom of ancient oceans • Over time compressed by sediments

14. 2) Where is it found in large concentrations?

15. Where is it found in large concentrations? • Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (25%), United Arab Emirates, Venezuela = 78% of all oil on planet • Oil Revenue - $200 billion in 2002, $600 billion in 2006 = $1.1 million dollars/minute

16. Where is it found in large concentrations? • World Supplies – OPEC Nations (11 countries have 78% of the world’s oil supply) (see handout) • These countries decide how much a gallon of gas will cost which impacts the price of EVERYTHING! • Domestic Supplies (see hand out) • 1. Gulf of Mexico • 2. Texas • 3. Alaska • 3. California US produces 9% of the world’s oil and uses 25% of the world’s oil The US imported 60% of its oil at a cost of $1.25 billion/day Crude oil Prices – see hand out

17. Oil = GREEN

18. 3) How do we harness this source? • Exploration (satellite or sonar) • Mining (on-shore or off-shore oil rigs, up to 5 miles) Wells last up to 10 years, most are past peak performance • Transportation (pipeline, truck, tanker) • Refining (distillation) • Transportation • Production (plastics, greases, fuels) • Use

19. Found between sedimentary rock layers (fossils) – Fossil Fuel

20. Refining Oil • Distillation • Separation by temp. • Accounts for only 1% of our electricity

22. 4) What are the problems with extracting it from the ground and/or building structures to harness it? • Burning the excess gas (carbon dioxide and other gas pollutants) • Oil Spills (see video 54 minutes) • Nova - • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/the-spill/ BBC- • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehdyGysxq-Q • Drilling is very dangerous

23. 5) What do we use the source for (besides electricity)? • Oil only makes up 1% of United States electricity generation • Primarily used for… • #1 Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil • #2 Asphalt, tar, other products • #3 PLASTIC

24. 6) What are the problems of the waste of this process? • Carbon Dioxide (greenhouse gas) • Contamination of groundwater and rivers/streams • Plastic products take millions of years to biodegrade • Volatile organic compounds (human health hazard when breathed in)

25. Fires of Kuwait • Read article together • 38 min video (hopefully it works) • http://watchdocumentary.org/watch/fires-of-kuwait-video_23ec905b3.html

26. 3/31/14 - QOTD • Match the use of OIL with its environmental problem. • 1. Transportation Fuel A. will not biodegrade • 2. Plastic B. groundwater contamination • 3. Asphalt and Tar C. atmospheric pollution

27. World OIL • The US imported 60% of its oil at a cost of $1.25 billion/day • ¼ of all the countries with major oil reserves condone terrorism • Buying oil – Funding terrorism • Rising Prices – China will import twice as much oil as the US by 2025. • Bottom Line – We use too much oil, produce too little oil, and are at the mercy of unstable countries who control the export prices of oil who in turn support terrorist activities

28. OIL • Extraction, Processing, and Use of Oil has a severe environmental impact. • 43% of all Carbon Dioxide emissions come from the burning of gas and diesel fuel

29. Brainstorm • List the advantages of Oil • List the disadvantages of Oil

30. OIL Advantages • Ample supply for 43-90 yrs • Low cost • High Net Energy yield • Easily Transported • Low land use • Technology is well developed • Efficient Distribution System Disadvantages • Need to find substitutes within 50 years • Large Government Subsidies • Environmental Costs not included in market prices • Artificially low price encourages waste and discourages search for alternatives • Pollutes air when produced • Releases Carbon Dioxide when burned • Can cause water pollution