Protestant Reformation

1. THIS CD HAS BEEN PRODUCED FOR TEACHERS TO USE IN THE CLASSROOM. IT IS A CONDITION OF THE USE OF THIS CD THAT IT BE USED ONLY BY THE PEOPLE FROM SCHOOLS THAT HAVE PURCHASED THE CD ROM FROM DIALOGUE EDUCATION. (THIS DOES NOT PROHIBIT ITS USE ON A SCHOOL’S INTRANET). Dialogue Education Protestant Reformation

2. Documentary- YOUTUBE Video – The Protestant Revolution(4 part series) • Click on the image to the right. You will need to be connected to the internet to view this presentation. • Enlarge to full screen

3. GAMES Click on one of the images above for a game of “Fling the Teacher”, “Penalty Shootout” or “Hoop-shoot”. Try playing a game with your students at the start and the end of the unit. Make sure you have started the slide show and are connected to the internet.

4. Protestant Reformation • The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

5. Protestant Reformation • The movement began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.

6. Protestant Reformation • Another major contention was the practice of buying and selling church positions (simony) and what was seen at the time as considerable corruption within the Church's hierarchy.

7. Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther's spiritual predecessors included men such as John Wycliffe and Johannes Hus, who had attempted to reform the church along similar lines.

8. Protestant Reformation • These were points for debate that criticized the Church and the Pope. The most controversial points centred on the practice of selling indulgences and the Church's policy on purgatory.

9. YOUTUBE Video – Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms • Click on the image to the right. You will need to be connected to the internet to view this presentation. • Enlarge to full screen

10. Protestant Reformation • Other reformers, such as Ulrich Zwingli, soon followed. Beliefs and practices under attack by Protestant reformers included purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary (Mariology), the intercession of and devotion to the saints, most of the sacraments, the mandatory celibacy requirement of its clergy (including monasticism), and the authority of the Pope.

11. Protestant Reformation • The reform movement soon split along certain doctrinal lines.

13. Protestant Reformation • The most important denominations to emerge directly from the Reformation were the Lutherans, and the Reformed/ Calvinists/ Presbyterians.

14. YOUTUBE Video – Martin Luther : Reformation(1 of 4) • Click on the image to the right. You will need to be connected to the internet to view this presentation. • Enlarge to full screen

15. Protestant Reformation • Subsequent Protestant denominations generally trace their roots back to the initial reforming movements.

16. Protestant Reformation • All mainstream Protestants generally trace their separation from the Catholic Church to the 16th century.

17. Protestant Reformation • Older Protestant churches, such as the Unitas Fratrum (Unity of the Brethren), Moravian Brethren or the Bohemian Brethren trace their origin to the time of Jan Hus in the early 15th century.

18. Protestant Reformation • In Germany, a hundred years later, the protests erupted in many places at once, during a time of threatened Islamic Ottoman invasion which distracted German princes in particular.

19. Protestant Reformation • The Reformation led to a series of religious wars that culminated in the Thirty Years' War. From 1618 to 1648 the Catholic House of Habsburg and its allies fought against the Protestant princes of Germany, supported at various times by Denmark, Sweden and France.

20. Protestant Reformation • The Habsburgs, who ruled Spain, Austria, the Spanish Netherlands and much of Germany and Italy, were staunch defenders of the Catholic Church.

21. Protestant Reformation • For the first time since the days of Luther, political and national convictions again outweighed religious convictions in Europe.

22. Protestant Reformation • The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were: • All parties would now recognize the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, by which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state. • Christians living in principalities where their denomination was not the established church were guaranteed the right to practice their faith in public during allotted hours and in private at their will.

23. Protestant Reformation • The treaty also effectively ended the Pope's pan-European political power. Fully aware of the loss, Pope Innocent X declared the treaty "null, void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all times."

25. Bibliography • The Cambridge Modern History. Vol 2: The Reformation (1903) • Kirsch, J.P. "The Reformation", The Catholic Encyclopedia (1911). (Catholic view) • Smith, Preserved. The Age of Reformation. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1920. • Belloc, Hilaire (1928). How the Reformation Happened. Tan Books & Publishing. ISBN 0-89555-465-8.  (a Catholic perspective) • Bainton, Roland (1952). The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. Boston: The Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-1301-3.  • Durant, William (1957). The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 1-56731-017-6.  • Pelikan, Jaroslav (1984). Reformation of Church and Dogma (1300-1700). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-65377-3.  (focuses on religious teachings) • Gonzales, Justo. The Story of Christianity, Vol. 2: The Reformation to the Present Day. San Francisco: Harper, 1985. ISBN 0-06-063316-6. • Estep, William R. Renaissance & Reformation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986. ISBN 0-8028-0050-5.

26. Bibliography • Spitz, Lewis W. The Renaissance and Reformation Movements: Volume I, The Renaissance. Revised Edition. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1987. ISBN 0-570-03818-9. • Kolb, Robert. Confessing the Faith: Reformers Define the Church, 1530-1580. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1991. ISBN 0-570-04556-8. • Cameron, Euan. The European Reformation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991. (a standard textbook) • Braaten, Carl E. and Robert W. Jenson. The Catholicity of the Reformation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996. ISBN 0-8028-4220-8. • MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation: A History. New York: Penguin 2003. Most important recent synthesis • Spitz, Lewis W. The Renaissance and Reformation Movements: Volume II, The Reformation. Revised Edition. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1987. ISBN 0-570-03819-7. • Naphy, William G. (2007). The Protestant Revolution: From Martin Luther to Martin Luther King Jr. BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-56-353920-9.