CHEMISTRY OF THE COVALENT COMPOUNDS OF CARBON

2. Millions of things contain organic molecules�.

4. Many organic molecules have no charge�.

5. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen in chains Aliphatic � meaning chains of carbons � not aromatic What is aromatic? We�ll learn later!

6. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Unsaturated: contains carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

12. Cyclic Molecules For some molecules, the carbon chain may close on itself to form a ring. These types of substances are called cyclic molecules.

13. Examples of Cyclic Molecules

14. How to name compounds�

17. Great websites for tutorials�.

18. Nomenclature for other types of hydrocarbons�

27. 1.The compressor compresses cool Freon gas, causing it to become hot, high-pressure Freon gas (red in the diagram above). 2.This hot gas runs through a set of coils so it can dissipate its heat, and it condenses into a liquid. 3.The Freon liquid runs through an expansion valve, and in the process it evaporates to become cold, low-pressure Freon gas (light blue in the diagram above). 4.This cold gas runs through a set of coils that allow the gas to absorb heat and cool down the air inside the building.

33. In nature, only one stereoisomer of biological molecules is usually present (example � amino acids)different stereoiomers of a compound may have substantially different biological effects.

34. Benzene�.

36. Common benzene compounds

38. 1,3,5 tri-nitro toluene�TNT!

39. Benzene rings with two attached groups use a special naming system�They use the ortho, meta, and para system�Ortho (o) means one apart�Meta (m) means two apart�Para (p) means three apart�This only applies to benzene rings with TWO groups�

40. Names�?

41. http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/functional/func.html

42. Common Functional Groups

48. Think nomenclature is hard�?