DEATH by HANGAR RASH

2. $5M Citation: Punctured Pressure Vessel Trip Continuation: $5,050 Aircraft Ferry Flight: $3,200 Repair Estimate: $477,000 (7 Months) Replacement Aircraft: $196,000 (Extra) Total Cost (so far): $681,250 Other Costs: Extra Time Spent Dealing w/ Situation Diminution of Value Deductible Mx / Acquisition Costs (sooner than planned) Loss of Goodwill, Biz Opportunities Insurance Rates?

3. What we don�t understand, we tune out. There is no autopilot for safety. Intentional risk mitigation forces a systematic process to heighten awareness. Evaluate where you are (gap analysis) then take small steps to consistently improve, making best practices applicable in your world. Get help, when needed. Written procedures for ground operations should be available and included in flight and maintenance operations manuals � including an �uh-oh� plan. Must create a space for training and education � more than just OJT � all employees should receive training on company procedures. Details matter! Where to Begin?

4. Most Significant Risk Factors for Ground Damages

5. Most Significant Human Factors for Ground Damages Fatigue Distractions Complacency or �Drift� Pressure (either self-imposed or external)

6. A written job hazard analysis should be completed for aircraft towing exposures. Towing equipment: use only approved vehicles! Safety rules should be on tug. Tugs visually inspected including rated maximum load, brakes checked, correct tow bar verified (should be labeled for a/c type). Use two wing walkers and brief an area risk assessment before moving aircraft - all sides of aircraft perimeter visually inspected for hazards. A visual inspection of the aircraft should be completed before any tow initiates. Verify the brakes are off (saves $600K) before the tow or push is initiated.

7. For aircraft pushes, the rear area must be inspected before movement. For large or heavy aircraft, require a person to act as a brake monitor in the cockpit during an aircraft move. Ensure that tows are conducted at a safe walking speed. Have communication procedure (e.g., whistles). Immediately stop when the tow operator loses sight of a wing walker. Immediately stop if there are any doubts as to the space or clearance available. Conduct a post-towing inspection of aircraft.

8. Pilots should visually scan the ramp for risks while taxing in. Ground marshaller�s should be used and provide the correct hand signals - if in doubt, stop. While taxiing, the area should continually be scanned for threats such as: drain grates, narrow rows of positioned aircraft, ramp slope, blind spots,jet blast hazards, wind direction, loose chocks, vehicle movements. Pilots should communicate (radio) with unicom or for taxi in assistance from FBO, etc.

9. Warning cones should be placed at wing tips and tail. Potential jet exhaust blast hazards should be planned for. Aircraft should be positioned to avoid wing overlap hazards. The main gear should be chocked at all ramp parking situations. Triple chocks should be placed at mains and nose gear for overnight parking. Keep a constant lookout for FOD!

10. Pilots should observe any hazards related to ground service equipment movements or positioning hazards - plan ahead for departure routes. Flight crew should complete a visual inspection of the aircraft prior to departure. Ground air stair mats should be removed before engine start. Pilots should ensure that wing walkers are used in confined areas or areas where marshalling person cannot see all positions of the aircraft. Pilots should visually survey the ramp area for risks during pre-start and taxi.

12. Fuel trucks should be chocked and bonded when servicing aircraft. All mobile equipment should be positioned pointing away from aircraft. Tugs approach slowly! Ground power units should not be positioned under tail sections and must be chocked. Special precautions should be followed to insure the removal of GPU plugs before the unit is moved. Tugs and other types of GSE such as golf carts should be shut-off, parking brakes set, and chocked when left unattended.

13. Make sure vehicle operating procedures are published, briefed and observed by everyone. Have escort protocols in place for visiting drivers. Always know your exact location on the airport and be aware of activity around you � aircraft always have the right of way. Be patient, observant and drive slowly, adhering to posted speed limits. Use vehicle lanes where marked. Watch for flashing airplane beacons and maintain a safe distance from parked or taxing aircraft.

14. Make sure ground vehicle is properly equipped (radio, markings, lights, etc) for the area of operations. Use extreme caution when driving at night or in poor weather conditions. Do not drive through fuel spills because they can ignite. Always yield to emergency vehicles and never block fire lanes. Beware of the danger from jet blast and prop wash.

15. Use of at least 2 wingwalkers while moving aircraft from or into hangars along with tug operator. Team completes an area risk assessment before moving aircraft. Suggested hangar stacking diagrams should be provided as visual aids. Perimeter floor marking that delineates best path for entry and exit as well as limits of aircraft placement near hangar walls.

16. Overhead door systems should have a periodic inspection process. Hangar doors - securing methods to prevent inadvertent closure due to jet blast or high winds. Aircraft wings should not overlap other aircraft due to settling hazard. Hangar doors should be fully opened before aircraft movement. Aircraft should not be moved through propeller arcs.

17. We have written standard operating procedures? Employees trained on procedures? Employees provided risk awareness training? Incident investigations conducted? We have completed a risk assessment? Compliance evaluations completed? We have the correct ground equipment? We monitor FBO actions? We have an accountability system in place? Access to ramp areas is controlled? Flight crews provided ground damage awareness training?

18. Insurance Company! http://www.nbaa.org/safety http://www.nbaa.org/ops/safety/hangar http://www.nbaa.org/admin/sms/manual http://flightsafety.org (site search: �ground accident prevention program�) http://www.nata.aero