Chemistry of Alcohol Tom Good Chemistry Teacher Cooperstown Science Department

1. Chemistry of Alcohol Tom Good Chemistry Teacher Cooperstown Science Department

2. ENGAGE 15 minutes

3. Alcohol Death May Lead To Charges School Board wants Breathalyzer testing at all school functions

4. Students read the article, “Bizarre Fatality in the Suburbs”. The next slide is not intended to be read from the PowerPoint but is simply shown as a reference.

5. Bizarre Fatality in the Suburbs

6. Think, Pair, Share Ask students to think about the article they have just read Students are then paired up with a classmate to share their opinion about the article. Some students may then share their thoughts with the whole class.

7. Board of Education: Breathalyzer rule Board of Education proposes to use breathalyzer at school events. Positive test means no extracurricular activities for a full year.

8. Chemistry Class Presentation to Board of Education Chemistry class is asked to make Board presentation: Chemistry of Alcohol Breathalyzers Policy To Deter Drinking

9. EXPLORE 30 minutes

10. Web Quest to Prepare for Board Presentation Students will read web site articles to answer 10 questions which will be addressed in their presentation. 3 options for Web Quest: students search for web sites teacher provides web sites teacher provides printed articles

11. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 1 (a) Can someone die of water intoxication (drinking too much water)? Search Tip: use quotation marks and search “water intoxication”

12. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 1 (a) Can someone die of water intoxication (drinking too much water)? Yes, due to electrolyte imbalance and tissue swelling of the brain, which can result in seizures, coma and ultimately death unless water intake is restricted and a hypertonic saline solution is administered.

13. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 1 (b) Find an example of someone who died due to water intoxication. Search Tip: use quotation marks and search “water intoxication” and death

14. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 1 (b) Find an example of someone who died due to water intoxication. Student Matthew Carrington, 21, died from water intoxication, which caused the swelling of his brain and lungs on Feb. 2, 2005 after a night of hazing.

15. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 2. What makes something toxic? Search Tip: use toxicology and/or poison in your search string

16. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 2. What makes something toxic? All substances are poisons; there is none that is not a poison. the right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy. Paracelsus (1493 - 1541)

17. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol Scientists often report toxicity using the term LD50. What is LD50? Search Tip: use LD50

18. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol Scientists often report toxicity using the term LD50. What is LD50? LDrefers to "Lethal Dose" and the 50 refers to the dose of toxicant, given all at once, which is deadly to 50% of the population.

19. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol How toxic is methanol (methyl alcohol)? Search Tip: using some combination of search words that include LD50 or toxicity and methanol or methyl alcohol

20. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol How toxic is methanol (methyl alcohol)? Methanol is extremely toxic. As little as 2 tablespoonfuls can be fatal to a child, and 2 to 8 oz. can be fatal for an adult.

21. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 5 How toxic is ethanol (ethyl alcohol)? Search Tip: using some combination of search words that include LD50 or toxicity and ethanol or ethyl alcohol

22. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 5 How toxic is ethanol (ethyl alcohol)? Ethanol has a relatively low toxicity and is often used as a solvent medical drugs.

23. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol Methanol and ethanol are both metabolized into an aldehyde and then an organic acid. Why then is methanol more toxic than ethanol? Search Tip: use the wordsalcohol metabolism

24. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 6 Why then is methanol more toxic than ethanol? The answer is partly because ethanol takes longer to metabolize then methanol and partly because the aldehyde and organic acid formed from methanol are more toxic substances than those formed from ethanol.

25. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol Why does the treatment for methanol poisoning involve giving the patient ethanol? Search Tip: treatment methanol poisoning

26. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 7. Treatment for methanol poisoning: Ethanol is administered when methanol poisoning occurs because alcohol dehydrogenase has a higher affinity for ethanol and preferentially reacts with the enzyme allowing the methanol time to be excreted through the kidneys without being metabolized into formaldehyde and formic acid.

27. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol If someone is in danger of ethanol poisoning, what steps should be taken to reduce the chance of death? Search Tip: search “alcohol poisoning”

28. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol If someone is in danger of ethanol poisoning, what steps should be taken to reduce the chance of death? Put them in the recovery position and call 911 immediately for help. Don't try to guess the level of drunkenness.

29. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 9 (a)What is a Breathalyzer? Search Tip: Breathalyzer

30. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 9 (a)What is a Breathalyzer? A breathalyzer is a generic name for a device used to estimate blood alcohol content levels by taking a sample of breath.

31. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 9 (b)How does a Breathalyzer work? Search Tip: Breathalyzer works

32. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 9 (b)How does a Breathalyzer work? The alcohol concentration in the breath is related to that in the blood. The breath-alyzer uses a chemical reaction with the chromium ion and alcohol that produces a color change. The color change is then read by a spectrophotometer and used to estimate the blood alcohol level.

33. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol How reliable is a Breathalyzer? How accurate is a Breathalyzer? Search Tip: Breathalyzer reliability

34. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 10. How reliable is a Breathalyzer? How accurate is a Breathalyzer? Assuming the breathalyzer is being properly cared, recalibrated, that the operator is using proper protocols, it does seem to be reliable but there are many reasonable doubts concerning the accuracy of the machine.

35. Questions:Chemistry of Alcohol 10. Accuracy is how close a measurement comes to the true value which in this case is the blood alcohol concentration. Breath tests can vary 15% from actual blood alcohol concentration and even more in some populations such as diabetics.

36. EXPLAIN 45 minutes

37. Molecular Modeling Activity Alcohols, Aldehydes and Organic Acids in Three Dimensions Review introduction to activity (20 min.) Make models of simple alcohols (25 min.)

38. Molecular Modeling Activity Chemistry of Alcohol Alcohols, Aldehydes and Organic Acids in Three Dimensions In this activity, you will be making ball-and-stick models of methanol and ethanol along with their metabolized (oxidized) aldehyde and further metabolized (oxidized) organic acid.

39. Molecular Modeling Activity Chemistry of Alcohol Alcohols, Aldehydes and Organic Acids in Three Dimensions Be sure to have students build the alcohol and then to either remove hydrogen or add oxygen to form each of the oxidized products. Allow time for students to compare their answers with those of their neighbors and ask you for help if they are having trouble.

40. ELABORATE 45 minutes

41. Prepare for Board Presentation Introductory exercise: Assign students to cooperative learning groups to address each of the 10 questions posed during the Web Quest activity.

42. Prepare for Board Presentation Students should now meet with their partner to decide about their portion of the presentation they plan to make to the Board of Education. Each pair should prepare a presentation of about 2 minutes.

43. EVALUATE 45 minutes

44. Presentations to Board of Education Students make their presentations to the class. Use scoring rubrics

45. Chemistry of Alcohol Be Smart! Breathalyzer http://www.craigmedical.com-images-AL2000_detail.jpg