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Chinese Dynasties: From Ancient Times to Modern History

Explore the rich history of Chinese dynasties from the Shang era with oracle bones to the modern age of Communist China under leaders like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Learn about key events like the Great Wall construction, Silk Road trade, and revolutionary movements.

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Chinese Dynasties: From Ancient Times to Modern History

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  1. Chinese Dynasties

  2. 1600 BCE –Shang • Yellow River Valley – oracle bones for writing • Ancestor worship • 1046 BCE – Zhou • Mandate of Heaven • Confucius • Warring States Period – Disunity • Emergence of Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism

  3. 221 BCE – Qin • Unification of China – Legalism; first emperor Shi Huangdi • Centralized bureaucracy; standardized weights/measures, script; public works projects • Gave peasants rights to own land = weaken traditional social hierarchy • Great Wall of China

  4. 206 BCE – 220 CE – Han • Liu Bang started – ruled from Chang’an • Emperor Han Wudi – centralized power and expanded empire by using Legalist principles • Centralized govt and civil service exams • Confucian • Fell because of internal rebellions, too large of empire, economic problems, private armies • Silk Road developed

  5. Disunity • Buddhism spreading • Silk Road decline • 581 CE – Sui • China reunified • Strong central govt with peasant workers • Grand Canal built

  6. 618 - Tang • Culture; Women had more rights than before • Height of Buddhist influence • Equal distribution of land with merit based govt jobs • Revived Silk Road • 960 – Song • Economic growth but military problems; Women foot-binding • Neo-Confucianism – combined Confucian beliefs with writing of Buddhism; Zhu Xi philosopher wrote family guidelines • Tang & Song Technology: • Porcelain, metallurgy with stronger iron and steel, gunpowder, printing movable type

  7. 1271 – Yuan (Mongol) • Kublai Kahn and Pax Mongolica • Fell because of inflation & Plague = depopulation and labor shortage • 1368 – Ming • Confucian strong central govt; Foot-binding again • Economic recovery, new crops, overseas trade; Zheng He • National tax paid in silver • Completed Great Wall b/c of attacks • Forbidden City capital in Beijing

  8. 1644 – Qing • Ruled by Mandate of Heaven • Like Ming govt with centralized scholar-bureaucrats • Patrons of the arts • Trade with foreigners increased on silk and porcelain • Opium Wars, Sino-Japanese War (fight for Korea & loss) – China hate foreigners • Taiping Rebellion 1850s & 1860s – redistribution of land, public education and rights for women • Boxer Rebellion – 1899-1900 – rid China of foreign influence • Unsuccessful Rebellions weakened govt = fell to nationalists

  9. Communist China • 1911 – Chinese Revolution with Sun Yat-sen • Civil War (communists vs. nationalists) – Invasion by Japan/WWII – Civil War Again • 1949 – Mao Zedong and Communism • 1958 - Great Leap Forward (Agricultural Program that failed) • 1966 - Cultural Revolution • 1976 – Deng Xiaoping = China opens up to foreign trade • 1989 – Tiananmen Square

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