Unit 3 Under the sea

1. Unit 3 Under the sea

2. Language Data Bank

3. witness 1. I thought , at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. 1)at the time “那时候”，位置应在story之后，作时 间状语， 提前是为了强调，that this was just a story作 thought的宾语。 2) 此处witness用作动词，意思是“亲眼看到”，如: 你亲眼看到那场事故了吗？ Did you ________ the accident? a) witness 还可表示“作证”、“证明”，常用“witness to sth/doing sth”例如：

4. witnessed defense witness 他作证说他看到那个人进入大楼的. He ___________ to having seen the man enter the building. b）witness 还可以用作名词，表示“目击者”、“证人”，如： 她被传唤作被告证人。 She was called as a _______ _______ .

5. to sort out one’s accommodation是习语，意思是 to find suitable accommodation. sort out 表示“分类”，“整理”， I’m just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away. 我正在整理可以扔掉的文件。 sort out 还表示“解决（问题或困难）”，例如： We’ve got a few little problems to sort out. 我们有几个小问题要解决。 2. I was sorting out my accommodation.

6. accommodation 1) rooms, esp, for living in 房间，住所 2) lodgings, rooms and food 膳宿（在英英中为不可数，在美英中为可数，常用复数） accommodate v. accommodating adj. accommodator n. 适应，调节 亲切的，易打交道的 调节者

7. 3. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 我们及时感到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。 opposite是介词, 在。。。对面。如： He sat opposite to Marion during the discussion. 讨论的时候，他坐在玛丽安对面。 opposite 也可以作形容词，表示“相对的；相反的”。 on the opposite side of the street 在街的对面

8. throw itself out of the water 想象地表现了鲸跃出水面的动作。throw 的用法比较灵活，能表达出丰富的含义。如： He throws his weight about. 他乱用权利。 I felt discouraged when he threw cold water on my idea. 他给我的想法泼冷水时，我感到很沮丧。 She threw herself into a chair and began to cry. 她倒在椅子上，哭了起来。

9. 4. yell vi. 大叫；呼喊 Don’t yell at me! 别对我大喊大叫！ She let out a yell and ran home. 她尖叫了一声跑回了家。 yell n. 叫声；喊声 Frank let out a yell and jumped away. 弗兰克大叫一声跳开了。

10. 5. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。 be about to do即将；将要。如： When we were about to close down the business, the bank came to our rescue. 我们就要停业时，银行为我们救了急。 Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. 又一段充满危险和挑战的旅程就要开始了。

11. 6. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat”, George said as he ran ahead of me. 1) 表示劝说，不耐烦，催促 Come on, we’ll be late for concert. 2) 开始 The rain has just come on. come on

12. 与come相关的短语： come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见 come forth 出来，涌现 come out 出版，（花）开 come through （电话）接通 come up 走近，上升 come to 总计 come up with 赶上，补充

13. 7. ahead of 1) 在……前面 2) 比……强(好)” A man ______________________to see if the road was clear . 他的语文比我强. He is__________________________. ※ ahead of time “提前” We finish the task________________. went ahead of the others ahead of me in Chinese ahead of time

14. 8. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. 我低头朝水中看去，看到老汤姆正在船边游着，为我们引路。 swimming by the boat是现在分词短语作宾语补足语。

15. 9. Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. 一颗不停地，我们和其他的捕鲸人都跳上船，朝海湾开去。 head为动词，表示“朝。。。方向移动”，例如： We headed the boat out to sea. 我们将船驶向外海。 head 还可以表示“带领”，例如： Who is heading the party？ 该党现在由谁领导？

16. 10. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. 几分钟后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用浆拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领我们前往捕猎处。 circling back to the boat; leading us to the hunt again是现在分词短语作状语。

17. 11.… there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. 。。。 汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕鲸处。 lead 表示“作导向”，例如： All roads lead to Rome. 殊途同归。 Your explanation has led me to a clear understanding. 你的解释让我理解清楚了。 lead sb to do表示“使…干”，例如: What led you to believe it? 什么使你相信它？

18. 12. Well, it’s teamwork-the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow-hole to stop it breathing. 啊，它们在协同作战呢—那些虎鲸正往鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸。 teamwork协作；配合。 The success of this performance is largely the result of good teamwork. 这次演出的成功很大程度上是大家通力合作的结果。

19. to stop it breathing是动词不定式短语作目的状语。如： They went there to help get in the autumn crops. 它们去那里是为了帮助秋收。 Let’s do some exercise to warm up a bit. 咱们做些锻炼热热身。 stop…(from) doing句型的意思是“防止（制止）某人做某事”。如： I am leaving, so don’t try to stop me from going. 我要走了，别想阻拦我。 We must stop her telling others about it. 我们要制止她把此事告诉别人。

20. 13. flee – fled – fled 逃跑,逃避,逃离 1) vt. flee sw They were forced to flee the country. 2) vi. flee from sw The prisoner attempted to flee from the prison , but he failed . 恐慌的人们从火里逃出. The alarmed people fled from the fire .

21. 14. He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 辨析：wound, injury, hurt, harm与damage wound是战斗中刀枪的创伤、伤口; injury是平时的大小创伤和伤害 hurt 是指精神上的伤害和肉体的伤痛。 harm指使有生命或者无生命的东西不再完整、美丽， 或者具有原来的价值。 damage “车辆、船只、房屋”等的损坏。

22. wounded injuries injured hurt harm damaged harm/damage Use the above words to fill the following blanks: 1. His brother was __________ in that battle . 2.He got serious_________ to the legs at work .3. He got his finger __________ . 4. The_______ to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body . 5. Smoking a lot of cigarettes can _______ and even kill over a long period of time . 6. The bus was badly _________when it hit the wall . This storm did great ______________ to the crops .

23. damage “车辆、船只、房屋”等的损坏。The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall . This storm did great harm / damageto the crops .

24. 15.…its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea….它的尸体被虎鲸迅速拖向大海深处。 1）drag的意思是“拖”，例如： He dragged the table into the corner. 他把那张坐姿拖到角落。 drag 短语联想： drag down 把人拖垮 drag one’s feet 故意拖延 drag in 拉进去 drag on 拖延，拉长

25. 2）depths表示“底层”，“深处”，例如： the depth(s) of the ocean 海洋深处 the depth(s) of the jungle 丛林深处 the depth(s) of the country 穷乡僻壤 the depth(s) of the winter 隆冬 the depth(s) of one’s heart 心灵深处 the depth(s) of despair 绝望的深渊

26. 16. In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue. 在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿，鲸唇和鲸舌就是他们的美食。 In the meantime表示“在这期间；与此同时”，如：会议一小时后开始，在此期间，我们喝杯咖啡吧。 The meeting will begin in an hour; in the meantime, let’s have a coffee.

27. feed on表示“吃”，“以…为食”， 例如： Cows feed on hay during winter. 牛在冬天吃干草。 feed…on/to表示“以…饲养”，例如; We feed our dog on meat.= We feed meat to our dog. 我们喂肉给狗吃。 feed…with/into表示“给…添加”，例如： He fed the fire with some logs.= He fed some logs into the fire. 他往火里添了些木材。

28. 17. … it was difficult to handle the boat. …… 划船很困难。 这是一个it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是不定式to handle the boat。在以不定式、动名词从句作主语的句子里，通常以it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置以避免头重脚轻。这样的句式通常有：

29. to + v. It（形式主语） +v. + that（主语）+ v. wh- 等词（主语）+ v. for It is + adj.+ sb. to do sth. of

30. It is no use v. –ing 做……没有用 It is said (reported) that … 据说，据报道…… seems （好像……） It + appears（看上去……）+ that（主 语）+v. happens（碰巧……）

31. It is believed that … 人们相信…… It is thought that … 人们认为…… It has been proved that … 事实证明…… It is well-known that … 众所周知……

32. 18. From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。 此处abandon的意思是“放弃，抛弃”，相关短语有： 1）背弃祖国/朋友 abandon one’s country/friend 2）抛弃家庭 abandon one’s family 3）革除陋习 abandon a bad habit 4) 放弃职位/希望/计划/主意 Abandon one’s post/hope/plan/idea

33. 19…I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.我看到老汤姆正在水中隐隐拖着詹姆斯。 hold up的意思是“举起”，例如： I help up my hand to show that I had a question. 我举手表示想提问。 hold up还表示“使延误”，例如： We were held up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam. 我们在前往机场的路上因为堵车而延误了。

34. 这是一个It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do sth. 的固定句式，take 意为“花费、需要”，take 前也可用具体名词作主语。 It takeshim three hours to do his homework everyday. 他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。 20. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James. 用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。

35. 21. reflect (vt. ＆vi.) “反射,映射,思考” After _________for a time , he decided not to go there . The mountains ________ in the lake were very beautiful . ※ reflect on (upon) “仔细考虑, 思考” 我要思考一下下一步该怎么做. I will reflect on what to do next . reflecting reflected

36. 22. be/ become (well) aware of / that… 对…知道，明白；意识到 "我希望在情况影响你前,你能察觉到。" I want you to be aware of the situation before it affects you. 我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。 I am well aware that he is the one I should turn to.

37. everything is upside down the picture upside done. the box upside done is inside out 23. upside down “上下颠倒的(地)，乱七八糟的(地)” The office is being decorated, so _________________________. 你把那张图片给弄颠倒了. You have got _____________________ 不要把那个盒子倒着拿. Don’t hold___________________. ★★★ inside out “(穿)反了,倒悬,乱七八糟地” Look , Jack’s jacket________________.

38. 24. scare n. v. sb be scared to death某人吓死了” I felt ______________when I knew how dangerous I was. 当我听到那可怕的声音时, 我都快吓死了__________ (hear) the terrible sound , I would be scared to death . ☆ 1) be scared to do sth /of doing sth “害怕干某事” 2) scare sb. to death “ 吓死某人了” You scare me to death. 你吓死我了。 她不敢(害怕)坐飞机. She ________________in a plane . scared to death Hearing is scared to fly

39. 25. .…but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. 在本句中where引导的是状语从句。 1.A cinema is a building where film is shown . 电影院是放电影的馆所。 2.You shall put it up where we all can see it. 你该把它挂在我们大家都能见到的地方。

40. steep drop 陡直向下的坡。 steep陡直的，陡峭的。 I never cycle to my grandpa’s – it’s too steep. 我从来不骑车去外公家 -- （路）太陡了。 steep还可以指过高的价格。如： I wouldn’t pay 5,000 yuan for that computer – the price is too steep. 我才不花 5,000元买那台电脑呢，这个价太高了。

41. Finish the following exercises: • Did anyone ________ the car accident yesterday? • The clouds _____________ in the lake. Didn’t you see them? • Don’t ____ at me like that. • The sailors had to _______ the sinking ship. witness were reflected yell abandon • Use the proper forms of the following words to fill in the blanks:

42. fled dragged 5. They all ____ from the burning building last night. 6. He ________ his suitcase along the platform. They were too heavy to carry. II. Use the proper forms of the following phrases to fill in the blanks:

43. ahead of aware of In the meantime scared to death am helping out • There was a roadblock straight ________ us. • Women are often more _________ their feelings than men. • I’ll phone for a taxi. ______________ , you must get packed. • They were _______________ by the terrible snow. • The cook’s ill, so I _____________ this week.

44. a pack of sort out upside down 6. They met _________ wolves in th forest. 7. We’ve got a few little problems to _______ . 8. Everything is ____________ in this house.

45. Useful structure ( 20ms ) the Passive Voice (including the -ing form )

46. 1. 动名词的被动式： 1）动名词的被动式有两种：being + 过去分词；having been + 过去分词。例如： a) 每个人都喜欢得到赞美。 Everybody likes _______________ . b) 我记得曾经听过这故事。 I remember __________________ the story. 2) 在need/want/require （需要）和be worth(值得）等词后面，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：a) 这件事需要调查。 The matter requires ____________ . = The matter requires to be looked into. being praised having been told looking into

47. b) 这本书值得一读。 • The book _________________ . • = The book is worthy of being read. • 2、现在分词的被动式。 • 现在分词的被动式也有两种：being + 过去分词（强调事情正在发生）；having + been + 过去分词（强调事情已经发生，不作定语）。例如： • a) 她正接受提问，感到有点儿紧张。 • ____________to answer the question, she felt a little nervous. is worth reading Being asked

48. b) 这么好的机会给了你，你怎么能一点也不珍惜呢？ ________________ such a good chance, how could you not value it at all? 2）作定语时，“being +过去分词”表示正在进行的动作；done 表示一般过去或已经完成的动作；to be done 表示将要发生的董作。例如： a) 正在建造的房屋，完工后将用作我们的图书馆。 The house ___________ will be our library upon its completion. Having been given being built

49. b)所使用的教材都是时新的。 The textbooks _______ are all up-to-date. c) 你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？ Are you going to attend the meeting ____________ next month? used to be held

50. Finish the following exercises: 1. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called ＊