CH. 13 Personal Health Care

1. CH. 13Personal Health Care

2. SKIN---Structure *Skin is the largest organ on the human body. *The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis. *Cells in the epidermis make lipids which makes your body waterproof. * Dermis contains the sebaceous glands which helps skin from drying out. *Subcutaneous layer- a layer of fat and connective tissue located beneath the dermis.

3. Epidermis Dermis SubcutaneousLayer Your Skin

4. SKIN--- Function • Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations. • Protection- Barrier to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering. • Temperature control- Skin dialtes to allow heat to escape. • Sensation- Major sense organ: Pressure, pain, heat, cold • Immunity-macrophages destroy invading pathogens. • Excretion- SWEAT is excess water and dissolved wastes. • Vitamin D synthesis- makes VD when exposed to UV radiation • Interpersonal communication- Automatically expresses some emotions ( pale & blushing)

5. Keeping your Skin Healthy • Wash face 2 times a day • Wash you body everyday • AVOID touching your face with your hands • Avoid allergic reactions. • Eat plenty of vitamins, minerals: • Vitmainn A • Milk • Green and yellow vegetables • Liver

6. Skin Problems • Acne- clogged pores become infected and pus forms. • Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact. • Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil. • Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction. • Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment.

7. Skin Problems • Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers. • Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly.

8. Melanoma Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer. Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma. Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.

9. ABCD’s of Melanoma A B C D Asymmetry BorderIrregularity Color Diameter

10. Skin Problems The ABCD’S of Melanoma An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves. Asymmetry Border Irregularity Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges. Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color. Color Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea. Diameter

11. HAIR • Hair structure- Dead cells. Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair to grow. • Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet. • Hair function- The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and other particles.

12. Hair Problems • Dandruff- Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes. • Head lice- Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair.

13. Nails • Nail Structure- Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin. • Nail Function- help protect your fingers and toes.

14. Lesson 2 – Teeth and Mouth • Parts of the tooth The periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place. periodontium is made up of the gum, ligaments, and the jawbone. Three main parts to every tooth Crown- visible portion of the tooth Neck- between the crown and root Root- In the gum

15. Parts of a Tooth • Enamel- hard substance made of calcium. • Dentin- beneath enamel. It is a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth. • Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel, the pulpextends into the root canal.

16. Crown Neck Root Parts of a Tooth

17. enamel dentin gum gingivia pulp cavity with nerves and vessels cementum periodontal ligaments periodontal membrane root canal bone Parts of a Tooth

18. Keeping Teeth Healthy • Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth. • Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth. • Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria.

19. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity. If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.

20. Mouth Problems • Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease. • Gum disease, or periodontal disease,is caused by bacterial infection. *When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen. *This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

21. Lesson 3- Your Eyes Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull. A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket. The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts. Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.

22. sclera cornea choroid iris vitrius humor pupil lens aqueoushumor optic nerve retina Parts of the Eye

23. Lesson 3- Eyes Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light. Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color .

24. Parts of the EyeWords in black are definitions Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball Sclera Cornea Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens Choroid Lines the inside of the sclera Iris Contracts and dilates the pupil Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye Pupil

25. Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions Contains light-sensitive cells Retina Optic Nerve Transmits nerve impulses to the brain Lens Helps refine the focus of images on the retina Aqueous Humor Provides nutrients to the eye Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place Vitreous Humor

26. Vision – 20/20 Common Vision Disorders Nearsightedness,or Myopia The inability to see distant objects clearly Farsightedness,or Hyperopia The inability see close objects clearly Astigmatism Blurred vision Strabismus Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward Detached Retina Blurred vision or bright flashes of light

27. Vision Common Vision Problems Infections andViruses Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage Glaucoma Cataracts Foggy vision MacularDegeneration Vision loss

28. Skin Facts • Skin functions the same regardless of colour. Colour comes from different levels of melanin. • The thickest skin on your body is on the soles of your feet. • The thinnest skin on your body is your eyelids. • The most important function of the skin is for protection • Palms, soles of the feet and lips are areas of the skin with no hair.

29. Sunscreen • Sunscreen is a filter which protects from some of the effects of sun on the skin. • It forms a layer over the skin which dries to leave a protective film, which either reflects or absorbs some of the sun’s energy. • The three things to look for: • SPF – Sun Protection Factor – the higher the better. • Broad Spectrum – to block out the different sorts of UV rays. • Water Resistance.

30. Skin Care- SPF(Sun Protection Factor) • SPF is the ratio of UV radiation required to redden the skin with a sunscreen to that required without a sunscreen. • It is a standard laboratory method to measure SPF – not real time in the sun. • In essence it is the number of times longer that you can be exposed to the sun when wearing a sunscreen before you experience the same effect as not wearing a sunscreen, eg. SPF 30+ gives you > 30 times your skin’s natural sunburn protection.

31. Skin Care- Water Reistance • Water resistance is simply the time for which a test subject can be immersed (eg. swimming pool) while maintaining the labeled SPF when evaluated immediately after immersion. • For example, if the water resistance claim is 4 hours, then SPF tested after immersion will still meet the claimed SPF factor.

32. Skin Care- Broad Spectrum • Broad spectrum refers to the ability of a sunscreen to protect against the sun’s UVA rays. By AS/NZS 2604, it is specifically between 320 nm and 360 nm. • It is a Yes/No rating – the product is either broad spectrum or it is not. • In essence, where the SPF measures the amplitude of protection, broad spectrum measures the breadth of protection.