Indirect IR Effects of Aerosol on the Arctic Climate during the Cold Season

1. Indirect IR Effects of Aerosol on the Arctic Climate during the Cold Season Jean-Pierre Blanchet NETCARE – Workshop 2013 (Year 1) Tuesday, November 18 University of Toronto

2. (Bigg, 1980) Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994)

3. Greenhouse Atmospheric Radiation at the groundWater Vapour is the Strongest Greenhouse Gas CO2 H2O H2O 75% of the cooling THz range PWV~1mm O3 Trace Gases PWV~0.1mm 3

4. Far IR Near IR Mid IR Windows

5. Process #1 – Adiabatic CoolingDynamics DT ≈ -10 to -20°C Time Scale : ~ 6 – 24 hours 5

6. Process #2 – Direct IR CoolingEmission from Ice Clouds TIC-1 TIC-2B DT ≈ -3 to -8°C DT ≈ 0 to +2°C Time Scale : ~ 1 – 5 days TIC-1 TIC-2B 6

7. Process #3 – Indirect IR CoolingEmission due to Lost Water Vapour DT ≈ -5 to -10°C Time Scale : ~ 1 – 2 weeks PCP-Water ~ 1 mm Model Bias + 0.3 mm DRY Anomaly 7

8. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09)

9. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009)

10. Radar – Lidar Comparison 10 4000 km 6 – 10 km

11. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009) • PEARL (Eureka) TIC and IR climatology (Ayash, Blanchet, 2009-13)

12. 12 TIC-2B from PEARL and CALIPSO Simultaneously7 January 2007, 14h (Ref.: Ed Eloranta, OPAL at Eureka NU) TIC-2B TIC-2B TIC-2b Ref.: eloranta@lidar.ssec.wisc.edu

13. Flow cell coupled to microscope Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009) • PEARL (Eureka) TIC and IR climatology (Ayash, Blanchet, 2009-13) • Laboratory controlled experiments (Bertram, Eastwood et al., 2008-09)

14. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009) • PEARL (Eureka) TIC and IR climatology (Ayash, Blanchet, 2009-13) • Laboratory controlled experiments (Bertram, Eastwood et al., 2008-09) • Aerosol-TIC Regional climate models (Girard et al., 2004-2013) • ISDAC – April, 2008 (Jouan, Girard, Pellon, Blanchet et al., 2011)

15. April 14, 2008ISDAC Flight 20-21 15 Natural (volcanoes & DMS) + Anthropogenic sulfate Cleaveland Veniaminof Volcanoes

16. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009) • PEARL (Eureka) TIC and IR climatology (Ayash, Blanchet, 2009-13) • Laboratory controlled experiments (Bertram, Eastwood et al., 2008-09) • Aerosol-TIC Regional climate models (Girard et al., 2004-2013) • ISDAC – April, 2008 (Jouan, Girard, Pellon, Blanchet et al., 2011) • Aerosol-cloud dynamic coupling in Polar Night (on going)

17. Observed and Simulated Aerosols L L L L Jan 1, 2007, 15Z 1 q 4 L L FLIP WITH PREVIOUS PAGE ~ 5000 km scale

18. Observed and Simulated Aerosols L L L L Jan 1, 2007, 15Z Beaufort Sea Central Arctic Polluted region TIC-2B TIC-2B Greenland Clean background TIC-2B L L

19. Background • Early DGF hypothesis (Blanchet & Girard, Nature, 1994) • NARCM explicit aerosol in CRCM (Barry, Blanchet et al, 1996-2000) • Explicit aerosol-cloud µphy model (Girard & Blanchet, 2001) • IPY exploration & data analysis (Blanchet et al., 2007-09) • CloudSat-CALIPSO Polar coverage (Grenier & Blanchet, 2009) • PEARL (Eureka) TIC and IR climatology (Ayash, Blanchet, 2009-13) • Laboratory controlled experiments (Bertram, Eastwood et al., 2008-09) • Aerosol-TIC Regional climate models (Girard et al., 2004-2013) • ISDAC – April, 2008 (Jouan, Girard, Pellon, Blanchet et al., 2011) • Aerosol-cloud dynamic coupling in Polar Night (on going) • NETCARE In situ aerosol-ice clouds interactions (Bertram et al, 2015) • FIRR radiometer for water and cloud µphy prototype (NETCARE 2015) • TICFIRE  dedicate microsat to far IR processes (Blanchet et al., …)

20. TICFIRE