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Architectural Drawing

History and Planning. Architectural Drawing. Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we build?. Where did settlers come from?. Building Materials:. Historical Influence. Environmental Considerations:. Technology:.

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Architectural Drawing

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  1. History and Planning Architectural Drawing

  2. Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we build?

  3. Where did settlers come from? Building Materials: Historical Influence Environmental Considerations: Technology: Wood (#1) Stone Brick Glass (hand-made) England Spain France Germany Harsh Environment Land Clearing Req. Native Inhabitants Hand Tools Human/Animal Power

  4. Historical House Styles English styling: Before 18th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows. Georgian styling: Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof Regency styling: Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.

  5. New England Colonial (salt box) styling: Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow. Garrison styling: 1st break in style- 2nd floor overhangs 1st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids. Cape Cod styling: Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1st floor- usually symmetrical. Southern Colonial styling: 2-story high porches to shade windows for cooling.

  6. Dutch Colonial styling: Gambrel roof gives a full 2nd story, mostly stone. French Colonial styling: New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work. Spanish styling: Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.

  7. Ranch styling: “Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look Split Level styling: ½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back. Modern styling: Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless

  8. Current Practices • How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few decades?

  9. House Designs: Foundation Materials: Environmental Considerations: Framing and Finishing: Current Practices Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations: Vary among many styles Lots of angles Less attention to details Block/Slab Concrete Pre-Cast (trucked to site) Lumber #1 Composites/Laminates Steel Studding Water/Waste Run-off Energy Use Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates) Electrical Requirements- plan for the future Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)

  10. Vocabulary • Habitation-Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living. • Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use. • Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home • Foundation- Supporting structure for a building. • HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning • Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.

  11. Future Planning • How can we plan and predict future construction trends?

  12. Environmental Considerations: Available Materials/Technology: Homes of the Future Population: Economy: Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs Polymers/Composites Concrete/Steel Glass/Ceramics Smart Houses Global Warming Intense Weather Ice Melting 2000- 6.1 billion people 2050 8.9 billion people 47% increase Changing Economies Financial Concerns Population Centers

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