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Web Services for Semantic Interoperability and Integration

Web Services for Semantic Interoperability and Integration. Tim Finin University of Maryland, Baltimore County Dagstuhl, 20 September 2004 http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/v2.1/event/html/id/??/ Joint work with many colleagues and students.  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

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Web Services for Semantic Interoperability and Integration

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  1. Web Services for Semantic Interoperability and Integration Tim Finin University of Maryland, Baltimore County Dagstuhl, 20 September 2004 http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/v2.1/event/html/id/??/ Joint work with many colleagues and students.  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/ This work was partially supported by DARPA contract F30602-97-1-0215, NSF grants CCR007080 and IIS9875433 and grants from IBM, Fujitsu and HP.

  2. Overview • The question What role will web services play in support of semantic interoperability and integration (SII) ? • My answer • Illustration using two examples drawn from our work

  3. My Answer (1) Agents fill many useful roles for SII (2) On the web, web services play the role of agents (3) The web is consuming all IT (4) Therefore web services will replace agents in systems doing SII

  4. Agents are useful for SSI • Agents are<insert your favorite definition here> • Agent roles for SII include • Discovery of ontologies, terms (e.g., class, property), and individuals • Translation services • Dynamic computing alignments and matches • Meaning negotiation • Reasoning services • …

  5. web services  agents • On the web, there’s pressure to push all programs behind web service APIs • It doesn’t make much difference if agents communicate via KQML+KIF, FIPA, or OWL+web services • We want to be at a level of abstraction involving beliefs, desires, intentions, plans, goals, etc. • SO, if the price of admission is to use SOAP and WSDL, we’ll pay it

  6. The Web • Is like the Blob, consuming all in it’s path • Resistance is futile • More seriously… it promotes sharing, building on other’s content, offering your content for building upon, decentralization, community development and evolution, common identifiers (URIs), has a working infrastructure, etc. • These are significant advantages

  7. Example: Security and Trust forSemantic Web Services • Semantic web services are web services described using OWL-S • Policy-based security infrastructure • Advantages of using policies: • Expressive -- can be over descriptionsof requester, service & context • Authorization: Rules for access control • Privacy: Rules for protecting information • Confidentiality: Cryptographiccharacteristics of informationexchanged Policies +Semantic Web Services

  8. Example • Mary is looking for a reservation service • Functional service requirements • foafidentity description • Confidentiality policy • BravoAir is a reservation service • OWL-S description • Authorization policy (e.g., Only users belonging to the same project as John can access the service) • Privacy policy • The CMU matchmaker is an agent that finds and recommends services

  9. Mary <!-- Mary's FOAF description --> <foaf:Person rdf:ID="mary"> <foaf:name>Mary Smith</foaf:name> <foaf:title>Ms</foaf:title> <foaf:firstName>Mary</foaf:firstName> <foaf:surname>Smith</foaf:surname> <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://www.somewebsite.com/marysmith.html"/> <foaf:currentProject rdf:resource=" http://www.somewebsite.com/SWS-Project.rdf "/> <sws:policyEnforced rdf:resource="&mary;ConfidentalityPolicy"/> </foaf:Person> </rdf:RDF>

  10. <deontic:Right rdf:about="&bravo-policy;AccessRight"> <deontic:actor rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;var1"/> <deontic:action rdf:resource="&bravo-service;BravoAir_ReservationAgent"/> <deontic:constraint rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AndCondition1"/> </deontic:Right> ……… <rdf:Description rdf:about="&bravo-service;BravoAir_ReservationAgent"> <sws:policyEnforced rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AuthPolicy"/> </rdf:Description> Bravo Policy <entity:Variable rdf:about="&bravo-policy;var1"/> <entity:Variable rdf:about="&bravo-policy;var2"/> <constraint:SimpleConstraint rdf:about="&bravo-policy;GetJohnProject" constraint:subject="&john;John" constraint:predicate="&foaf;currentProject" constraint:object="&bravo-policy;var2"/> <constraint:SimpleConstraint rdf:about="&bravo-policy;SameProjectAsJohn" constraint:subject="&bravo-policy;var1" constraint:predicate="&foaf;currentProject" constraint:object="&bravo-policy;var2"/> <!-- constraints combined --> <constraint:And rdf:about="&bravo-policy;AndCondition1" constraint:first="&bravo-policy;GetJohnProject" constraint:second="&bravo-policy;SameProjectAsJohn"/>

  11. URL to foaf desc + query request <sws:policyEnforced rdf:resource = "&bravo-policy;AuthPolicy"/> Bravo Service OWL-S Desc How it works Matchmakerand Reasoner BravoAirWeb service Mary

  12. How it works Mary’s query = Bravo Service ? YES Extract Bravo’s policy Does Mary meets Bravo’s policy ? <deontic:Right rdf:about="&bravo-policy;AccessRight"> <deontic:actor rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;var1"/> <deontic:action rdf:resource="&bravo-service;BravoAir_ReservationAgent"/> <deontic:constraint rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AndCondition1"/> </deontic:Right> <policy:Granting rdf:about="&bravo-policy;AuthGranting"> <policy:to rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;var1"/> <policy:deontic rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AccessRight"/> </policy:Granting> <sws:AuthorizationPolicy rdf:about="&bravo-policy;AuthPolicy"> <policy:grants rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AuthGranting"/> </sws:AuthorizationPolicy> <rdf:Description rdf:about="&bravo-service;BravoAir_ReservationAgent"> <sws:policyEnforced rdf:resource="&bravo-policy;AuthPolicy"/> </rdf:Description> Authorization enforcement complete <constraint:SimpleConstraint rdf:about = "&bravo-policy;GetJohnProject” constraint:subject="&john;John" constraint:predicate="&foaf;currentProject" constraint:object="&bravo-policy;var2"/> var2 = http://www.somewebsite.com/SWS-Project.rdf BravoAirWeb service Mary <foaf:currentProject rdf:resource = "http://www.somewebsite.com/SWS-Project.rdf"/> <constraint:SimpleConstraint rdf:about="&bravo-policy;SameProjectAsJohn" constraint:subject="&bravo-policy;var1" constraint:predicate="&foaf;currentProject" constraint:object="&bravo-policy;var2"/> Is the constraint true when var2 = http://www.somewebsite.com/SWS-Project.rdfvar1 = http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~lkagal1/rei/examples/sws-sec/MaryProfile.rdf

  13. Google has made us smarter • Google has made people smarter • Software agents need something similar to maximizetheir use of information on the semantic web.

  14. Swoogle: Google for SWDs Current Status ~190K SW documents ~1% ontologies ~33M triples ~60K classes ~50K properties ~5M values http://swoogle.umbc.edu/ • Swoogle may provide the corpus of ontologies and data that use them desired by Natasha e.g., answering queries like: • Find all documents that map between O1 and O2 • What classes are owl:sameAs C • What values are used for properties P1 and P2? • Find all OWL-S service instances Swoogle is a crawler based search & retrieval system for semantic web documents. It discovers them, builds a DB of metadata & relations, stores them in a triple store and their source in an IR system.

  15. Example policies • Authorization • Policy 1: Stock service not accessible after market closes • Policy 2: Only LAIT lab members who are Ph.D. students can use the LAIT lab laser printer • Privacy/Confidentiality • Policy 3: Do not disclose my my SSN • Policy 4: Do not disclose my home address or facts from which it could be easily discovered • Policy 5: Do not use a service that doesn’t encrypt all input/output • Policy 6: Use only those services that required an SSN if it is encrypted

  16. Swoogle2 Architecture SWOOGLE 2 Human users Web Server SwoogleStatistics OntologyDictionary SwoogleSearch service Intelligent Agents Web Service IR analyzer SWD analyzer analysis SWD Cache SWD Metadata digest SWD Reader Candidate URLs The Web discovery Web Crawlers

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