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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. 1. General characteristics. Features: 1. Small number cells and a large amount of matrix 2. No polarity and filled with blood and vessels Distribution: widely in the body Function: connection, support, nutrition transportation and protection

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue

  2. 1. General characteristics • Features: 1. Small number cells and a large amount of matrix 2. No polarity and filled with blood and vessels • Distribution: widely in the body • Function: connection, support, nutrition transportation and protection • Origin: Mesenchymemesenchymal cells, matrix and no fibers

  3. Connective tissue: • Connective tissue proper • Blood • Cartilage • Bone

  4. Connective tissue proper: • Loose connective tissue • Dense connective tissue • Adipose tissue • Reticular tissue

  5. Loose connective tissue(areolar tissue) • structural features: (1)a great variety of cell. (2)small number fibers • distribution: widely among organs and tissues. • function: connection and support, defense and repair • components:

  6. components: • (1) intercellular substances: fibers ground substance • (2) cells:

  7. 2.1 Fibers • collagenous fibers • reticular fibers • elastic fibers

  8. 2.1.1 collagenous fibers • Structure • LM sectionstretch Collagenous fibril • EM Collagenous fibril: collagenous fibril with periodic cross striation • Chemical component: collagen (type Ⅰ, Ⅲ )

  9. 2.1.2 reticular fibers • Stucture: LM EM • Distribution:terminal web • Chemical component collegen (type Ⅲ ) argyrophil fibers

  10. 2.1.3 elastic fibers • Stucture • LM • EM • elastin in the core • microfibril in periphery • Function: keep organs position and shape

  11. 2.2 ground substance • Proteoglycan • Glycoprotein • Tissue fluid

  12. 2.2.1 proteoglycan • glycosaminoglycan: • hyaluronic acid • chondroitin sulfate A,C • keratin sulfate • heparan sulfate • Function • molecular sieve

  13. 2.2.2 glycoprotein: • fibronectin • laminin • chondronnectin

  14. 2.2.3 tissue fluidThe plasma is filtered out capillary to form tissue fluid

  15. 2.3 cells • fibroblasts • fat cells • undifferentiated mesenchymal cells • macrophages • plasma cells • mast cells • white blood cells

  16. 2.3.1 fibroblasts, fibrocytes • Structure • LM stellate, weekly basophillic. Nucleus appears ovoid, pale and clear nucliolus • EM • Function: production of fibers and matrix

  17. 2.3.2 fat cells • Structure • Function: energy reservoir, shock-absorbent padding and insulating layer of body heat.

  18. 2.3.3 undifferentiated mesenchymal cells • Structure • Function: differentiate into various connective tissue cell-types

  19. 2.3.4 macrophages • Types • Histocytes: fixed in loose connective tissue • wandering macrophages: wandering to inflammation area • Structure • LM: phagosome • EM: lysosome • Origin: • Function:phagocytosis, antigen presenting and secreting lysozyme and complement

  20. Function of Macrophages • Chemotaxis, chemotactic factor • Phagocytosis • Secretion: lysozyme, interferon, complement. • Immune reaction(response): • antigen-presenting cells, APC • immune effect cells • immune regulation: cytokines

  21. 2.3.5 plasma cells • Distribution: digestive tract, respiratory tract • Structure • LM:the nucleus is wheel-like • EM: rough endoplasmic reticulum • Origin: from B lymphocyte • Function: secrete immunoglobin

  22. 2.3.6 mast cells • distribution:along the small blood vessels • structure • LM: metachromatic granules in cytoplasm • EM:lysosome and secretory granules • origin • function: allergic reaction and • degranulation • heparin ------ anticoagulant • histamin ----allergy • leukotriene----allergy

  23. 2.3.7 white blood cells

  24. 3. dense connective tissue • 1)  dense irregular connective tissue • 2) dense regular connective tissue • 3)  elastic tissue

  25. 4. adipose tissue • White (yellow) adipose tissuefat cell appears ring-like: a single large droplet in the cytoplasm, and the flattened nucleus locates the rim • Brown adipose tissue rich of vessel in the tissue. Several small droplets in the cytoplasm, and the nucleus locates in the center

  26. 5. reticular tissue  • reticular cellslook stellate and form the web with other cells • reticular fibers tree-like and form the web • ground substances

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