What you need to know about women during the Third Reich :

1. What you need to know about women during the Third Reich: • What were Nazi policies towards women (appearance, jobs, expectations)? • How did this compare to expectations of women/women’s lives during the Weimar Republic years? • How and why did Nazi policy towards women change from 1937? • What impact did these policies have? • How successful were they?

2. Under the Weimar Republic…..

3. The Nazis had a much more traditional view of what German women should be like….. • The Nazis believed men and women had different roles. A man’s role was as a worker or soldier. A woman’s place was in the home, having children and caring for her family. • The Nazis were worried by the decline in the birth rate – • 1900: over 2 million live births per year • 1933: under 1 million live births per year • Contraception and working women were causing this decline. If Germany was to become a great power again, it needed to increase its population.

4. Doesn’t go to work. All women doctors and civil servants were dismissed. Aryan, heavy hipped, flat heels, no make-up. Athletic, non-smoking and non-slimming – for maximum fertility. Wears clothes made from home produced substitutes for imported wool, cotton and silk. Takes no interest in politics. Has a large family and is an ideal mother….brings up children as loyal Nazis, encouraging them to worship the Fuhrer and join Hitler Youth Does all household duties, especially cooking. The ideal Nazi woman

5. How were women encouraged to have children?

6. How and why did the Nazis change their policies towards women from 1937 onwards? • Germany was rearming. Men were joining the army. Women were needed in armaments factories. • Marriage loans were abolished. • Women had to serve a compulsory ‘duty year’ after entering employment. • The Nazis still didn’t give up on their other aim – for women to produce more children!

7. What was the impact of Nazi policies towards women? Were they successful?

8. The 4 mark ‘inference’ question • Don’t use your own knowledge • Give ONE supported inference. You could do 2 to be on the safe side. • Support your inference(s) with a direct quote from the source.

9. The 4 mark ‘inference’ question What can you learn from source A about the treatment of women in Nazi Germany? • THE EXAMINER SAYS…. • The answer picks up on something the source suggests, but doesn’t actually say about the treatment of women– ie. it makes an inference • The answer doesn’t use wording which is too close to the wording of the source – this is copying or paraphrasing, and would only get 1 mark • It backs up the inference with a short quote from the source Source A suggests that women were expected to conform to the Nazis’ expectations of their appearance and behaviour, and were denied the opportunity to have a career. I know this because it says “Women…were forced to stay at home…..make up was frowned upon.” 4/4 marks

10. Explain the effects of Nazi policies towards women. (8 marks) Focus on the effects (impact) of policies, noton what the policies were. With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can To get B or above on explain the effects of Qs, try to explain the longer term significance of the effects. Explain the effects of x = what difference did x make?

11. QUESTION 1c: Explain the effects of……. (8 marks) Explain the effects of Nazi policies towards women One effect of x was…….. For example…….. (explain the effect using detailed knowledge). This led to..... (try to explain the longer term significance of the effect). • Effect 1: • Women were denied the opportunity to have a career. • Under the WR there were 3000 female doctors, and 10% of Reichstag deputies were women. • After 1933, female doctors and civil servants were pushed out of their jobs. Women were expected to be homemakers and mothers, and not be interested in politics or careers. • Effect 2: • Women felt pressured to have children, and to conform to Nazi expectations. • Incentives eg. marriage loans • Lebensborn • Expectations of dress, appearance and healthy lifestyle To reach an A*, link your two effects A second effect of x was…….. For example…….. (explain the effect using detailed knowledge). This led to..... (try to explain the longer term significance of the effect). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to link your two effects at the end, by writing a short conclusion explaining the link. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

12. One is either a Christian or a German. You can’t be both… What do you think Hitler meant by this?

13. Does each bubble show a reason for or against destroying the Churches? In 1933 nearly all Germans were Christians. Approximately 33% Catholic and 66% Protestant. There was common ground between the Nazis and the churches on several issues – eg. the importance of family life. Churches provided a local power base for the Nazis. If they could build on this they would be even stronger. Church meetings could be used for spreading anti-Nazi ideas. There were Church schools and youth groups whose message to the young was at odds with that of the Nazis. Catholics owed their first allegiance to the Pope, not Hitler. People who believed in God might be less likely to worship Hitler as the leader of Germany.

14. How did Hitler deal with the Catholic Church? The Nazis never destroyed the Churches….they just weakened them as a source of resistance to Nazi policies.

15. How did Hitler deal with the Protestant Church? The Nazis never destroyed the Churches….they just weakened them as a source of resistance to Nazi policies.

16. QUESTION 1b: Describe the key features of….. Describe the measures taken…. Describe the policies of….. Describe the weaknesses of…. (6 marks) One policy was….. + factual knowledge to develop it • In the first sentence of each paragraph, identify the measure. • Then develop it with factual knowledge. A second policy was….. + factual knowledge to develop it • ACTIVITY • Decide and write down – what are your two measures (first sentences of each paragraph) going to be? • Then jot down 3 bullet points of factual knowledge to develop/support each measure. 10 mins

17. The 6 mark ‘describe’ question Describe the measures taken by Hitler to control the churches in Germany. One measure taken by Hitler to control the Churches was the Concordat. This was an agreement which Hitler made with the Pope in July 1933. The Pope agreed to stay out of politics and Hitler agreed not to interfere with the Catholic Church. Hitler saw the Catholic Church as a threat because Catholics had divided loyalties – their first allegiance was to the Pope. Really, the Concordat just lulled the Catholic Church into a false sense of security. A second measure which Hitler took to control the Churches was repression. A few months after signing the Concordat, Catholic schools were interfered with and eventually closed down. Priests were harassed and open critics of the Nazis were sent to concentration camps, such as Protestant Pastor Niemoller, who had set up the Confessional Church to oppose Nazi social policies.6/6 marks • HOW DID IT GET 6/6? • Clear measure identified in first sentence of each paragraph, eg. One measure was the Concordat…. • Two paragraphs – One measure was… A second measure was…. • Good factual knowledge to develop each measure

18. QUESTION 2 TYPE B: Explain how……. (8 marks) METHOD/IMPACT • Eg. Explain how Hitler dealt with the Catholic and Protestant churches in Germany in the years 1933-39. • Q2 can be phrased in two ways. One type is focusing on how someone (x) dealt with an issue (y). • For this type of question, make sure you focus on methods or policies. • With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can. • You can reach up to 6/8 marks (a B grade) with just one, well explained reason. However, to reach a B grade or above don’t focus simply on what was done (eg. Concordat), but on how these actions dealt with the issue (eg. lulling the Catholic Church into a false sense of security). One way in which x dealt with y was… For example…….. (explain how the method or policy dealt with the issue). This dealt with y because..... (sum up the impact of the method on the issue (y)). To reach an A*, link your two methods A second way in which x dealt with y was… For example…….. (explain how the method or policy dealt with the issue). This dealt with y because..... (sum up the impact of the method on the issue (y)). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between the 2 methods. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins