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The American Revolution. 1763-1783. Six Causes. 1. The Great Awakening America’s first religious revival A religious movement common to all colonies except Nova Scotia. This created a sense of unity. Americans today see it as their mission to show the ‘old world’ the way.
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The American Revolution 1763-1783
Six Causes • 1.The Great Awakening • America’s first religious revival • A religious movement common to all colonies except Nova Scotia. This created a sense of unity. • Americans today see it as their mission to show the ‘old world’ the way. • George Whitefield and John Edwards were well known preachers from the Great Awakening
Causes Cont’d • 2. Mercantilist System • Stifled economic development. The Navigation Acts limited what Americans could ship. • Americans today worship freedom of the seas and free trade.
Navigation Acts • 1. Goods grown in Asia, Africa or America must be transported to England on by English vessels. • 2. Imported and exported goods to British colonies must be transported on English vessels. • Forbidden items: Tobacco, sugar, cotton, wool, indigo
3. All goods shipped to the American colonies must enter through English ports. • 4. Manufacturing of grain forbidden in the colonies. Later items manufactured in the colonies were forbidden. Acts were ended in 1750 by Parliament.
Causes Cont’d • 3. Royal Proclamation of 1763 • Blocked westward expansion and limited economic potential. • Americans today worship the frontier.
Causes Cont’d • 4. Taxes • Imposed on colonists to pay for the Seven Years War. • Stamp Act (1765) • Townshend Duties (1767) • Tea Act (1773) • Boston Tea Party • Americans today resist taxes and drink coffee
Stamp Act (1765) • The Act required that printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London (magazines, newspapers and many legal documents). • The stamp tax had to be in valid British currency, not colonial money.
Townshend Duties (1767) • Duties were placed on colonial imports of lead, glass, paper and tea. • Parliament set up customs service in the colonies to monitor these imports. Charles Townshend
Tea Act (1773) • Expand the British East India Company’s monopoly on tea trade in the colonies. • Although the British tea was better, smuggling of tea still happened in the colonies to avoid taxation. • The Tea Act caused the Boston Tea Party of 1773.
The Boston Tea Party • After officials refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a large group of colonists boarded their ships and threw the tea into the Harbor, effectively destroying the tea. • Parliament stopped Boston’s commerce until the British East India Co. was repaid for the destroyed tea
Causes Cont’d • 5. Federalism • The belief that power should be shared between regional and national governments. Americans wanted it; British Parliament did not want to allow colonial assemblies to be their equal. Britain is a unitary state. • Americans today have a federal system.
6. Quebec Act (1774) • Procedures of governance in Quebec • Extended Quebec’s boundaries into the Ohio Valley • Extended privileges of the Roman Catholic Church and • Forbade an elected Assembly in Quebec • Americans until quite recently were anti-Catholic
Trigger • War of Independence 1775-1783 • British troops marched into Concord, Massachusetts to seize a cache of weapons and arrest radical leaders. • Samuel Adams, John Hancock • Rebels draw the first blood.
