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Distributing materials

Distributing materials. Key understanding: To discuss features of effective transport systems and give examples of transport systems in multicellular organisms. Why do we have transport systems? What needs to be transported? What are the features of effective transport systems?.

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Distributing materials

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  1. Distributing materials Key understanding: To discuss features of effective transport systems and give examples of transport systems in multicellular organisms

  2. Why do we have transport systems? • What needs to be transported? • What are the features of effective transport systems?

  3. Circulatory systems Open circulatory systems • Open ended vessels • Fluid flows freely between cells of the body • Very low pressure and long circuit times Closed circulatory systems • Fluid (blood) is entirely enclosed within system of vessels and pumped around body by muscular heart • High blood pressure • Blood is separated from interstitial fluidby vessel walls which allows it to have greater specialisation • (page 165)

  4. Blood circulation in mammals • 2 sequential pathways involved: • Pulmonary vessels to and from the lungs • Systemic vessels to and from the rest of the body • Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart • Veins carry blood TO the heart

  5. Transport systems in multicellular organisms http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_vid_circulator/

  6. Label diagrams

  7. Heart dissection Heart dissection (see page 173 of biozone) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3UHpvEJMns&feature=related • Try to identify: • Left and right atria • Left and right ventricles • The atrioventricular valves • Pulmonary artery and vein • Aorta • Vena cava • Coronary arteries

  8. Identify the flow of blood on your diagrams(p167) • Deoxygenated blood FROM body flows into RIGHT ATRIUM via the VENA CAVA • When atria contract it then flows into RIGHT VENTRICLE • When RIGHT VENTRICLE contracts blood flows into PULMONARY ARTERY • Blood becomes oxygenated • Re-enters the heart through PULMONARY VEIN into LEFT ATRIUM, then into LEFT VENTRICLE • When LEFT VENTRICLE contracts blood flows to rest of the body via the AORTA • Use different colours for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

  9. Blood pressure • Pressure can be felt as a pulse when the heart contracts • A persons blood pressure is usually measured by systolic pressure and diastolic pressure e.g. 120/80 • See pages 1743-174 • Diastole (minimum blood pressure) • Ventricles relax and fill with blood • Arterial valves close • Systole (maximum blood pressure) • Ventricles contract and push blood into the arteries • Atrioventricular valves close • Gives a ‘lub-dub’ sound – this is the sound of the valves closing shut

  10. Blood vessels 1) Arteries (page 168) • Muscular walls • High blood pressure 2) Veins (page 171) • More easily stretched 3) Capillaries (page 171) • Very thin walls made of only single layer of epithelial cells • To enable exchange of substances between blood plasma and interstitial fluid

  11. Tasks and homework • Biozone - Mammalian Transport p167-174 • Extra reading Heinemann 152-158 Other animals • Biozone - Circulatory systems (general)Pages 164- 166

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