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web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System

Science 6: Unit 2 lesson 1. web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System 1.heliocentric theory 2. geocentric theory 3. Aristotle 4. Aristarchus 5. Ptolemy 6. Copernicus 7. Johannes Kepler 8. elliptical orbits 9. Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion 10. Galileo 11. Galileo’s telescope.

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web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System

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  1. Science 6: Unit 2 lesson 1 web 1 Ancient Theories of Solar System 1.heliocentric theory2. geocentric theory3. Aristotle 4. Aristarchus 5. Ptolemy 6. Copernicus 7. Johannes Kepler8. elliptical orbits9. Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion 10. Galileo11. Galileo’s telescope

  2. The Solar System: Ch. 20 • ANCIENT CONCEPTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM • ANCIENT GREEKS NAMED THE 6 "WANDERING STARS"PLANETS • SIX INNER PLANETS (including Earth) KNOWN TO ANCIENT PEOPLES • ANCIENT GREEKS BELIEVED IN "GEOCENTRIC“ (EARTH CENTERED) SYSTEM • STARS, SUN, PLANETS ON “CELESTIAL SPHERES” MOVE AROUND EARTH • ARISTOTLE: GREEK PHILOSOPHER, BELIEVED IN GEOCENTRIC THEORY • PTOLEMY REFINED GEOCENTRIC MODEL IN 140 AD USING CIRCULAR ORBITS SLIDE 1

  3. FIRST MODERN THEORIES OF SOLAR SYSTEM • ARISTARCHUS: GREEK ASTRONOMER, 1ST TO PROPOSE HELIOCENTRIC SYSTEM • HELIOCENTRIC THEORY STATES THAT SOLAR SYSTEM IS SUN-CENTERED • ATTEMPTED TO USE GEOMETRY TO JUDGE DISTANCES TO MOON, SUN • HIS HELIOCENTRIC THEORY NOT ACCEPTED (~ 250 BC) • NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (LATE 1500’S AD):ADJUSTED HELIOCENTRIC MODEL • HAD PLANETS MOVING IN PERFECTLY CIRCULAR ORBITS AROUND SUN • INACCURATE: DID NOT ALLOW EXACT PREDICTIONS OF PLANETS’ MOTIONS SLIDE 2

  4. THE LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION • JOHANNES KEPLER (EARLY 1600’S) DEVELOPED 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION • BASED ON 20 YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS BY TYCHO BRAHE IN LATE 1500'S • DEVELOPED THE 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION • PLANET ORBITS WERE ELLIPTICAL (SUN AT ONE CENTER) • AN ORBITING PLANET MOVED SLOWER IN ORBIT WHEN FURTHEST FROM SUN, FASTER NEAR SUN (SWEPT AREAS EQUAL) • STATED THAT PLANETS CLOSEST TO SUN MOVED FASTER • ELLIPSES: SLIGHTLY FLATTENED, CIRCULAR SHAPE WITH 2 CENTERS SLIDE 2

  5. THE PHYSICS OF PLANETARY ORBITS • GALILEO USED THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO DISCOVER NEW CONCEPTS • INERTIA: STATES THAT OBJECTS AT REST STAY AT REST AND THOSE IN MOTION REMAIN IN MOTION • INERTIA DEPENDS ON MASS, VELOCITY • MORE MASS, MORE INERTIA • DEVELOPED AN IMPROVED REFRACTING (LENS) TELESCOPE • TELESCOPE WAS 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER, MAGNIFIED 20 X • USED TELESCOPE TO VIEW SUNSPOTS, PHASES OF VENUS, • THE MOON, JUPITER’S MOONS (Galilean Moons) SLIDE 3

  6. http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/images/sun-soho011905-1919z.jpghttp://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/images/sun-soho011905-1919z.jpg http://www.ccsn.nevada.edu/planetarium/Images/sun.jpg http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/augeclipse_pasternak_big.jpg http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/coronaloop_trace_big.jpg http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/prom_171_980521.jpg http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/svt01jun99_hp700_000719.jpg http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/fdmos. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/sun/eclipse91_ncar_big.jpg http://aeon.physics.weber.edu/jca/PHSX1030/Images/TheSun/sun-structure.jpg http://www.astronomynotes.com/chapter1/sunplan.jpg http://www-solar.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~lorna/images/structure.jpg http://www.enterprisemission.com/images_v2/Solar%20Flare%20and%20Prominence.jpg http://www.matter-antimatter.com/comet.gif http://www.matter-antimatter.com/comorbit.jpg http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/ImComets/giotto_halley.jpg http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~portwin/Images/Hale_Bopp.jpg http://www.edu-observatory.org/eo/goneinaflash-med2.jpg http://www.enchantedlearning.com/hgifs/Halleysorbit.GIF http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/StarChild/solar_system_level2/comet_west.gif http://www.schursastrophotography.com/images/COMARCH/032597-3.jpg http://spot.pcc.edu/~aodman/outerobject/comet%20and%202%20tails.jpg http://spot.pcc.edu/~aodman/outerobject/vespa.jpg http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/wiki/images/thumb/3/31/400px-Cometorbit.png http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/jpg/D1381_001d-med.jpg http://csc.gallaudet.edu/soarhigh/spuds2.jpg http://near.jhuapl.edu/iod/20000214c/20000214c.gif http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlnasa/pictures/litho/Asteriods/image001.jpg http://www.waste.org/~echoegami/asteriods%20and%20moon.jpg http://hektor.umcs.lublin.pl/~mikosmul/collection/nantan.jpg http://antesdelfin.com/ilustrations/meteorites.JPG http://http://www.stonecompany.com/stones/images/meteoritez.JPG http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/Meteor_burst.jpg http://seti.dyndns.org/orbit/images/Meteor%20Strike.jpg photo credits

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