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Understanding Male Reproductive System and Sperm Production

Explore the intricate anatomy of the male reproductive system, from the scrotum to the sperm production process. Learn about spermatogenesis, testosterone production, puberty, and the role of accessory sex glands. Discover the functions of the testes, epididymis, urethra, and penis for sexual responses and ejaculation.

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Understanding Male Reproductive System and Sperm Production

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  1. Reproductive System Male

  2. Anatomy - Male • Scrotum holding testis • Cremaster muscle

  3. Male Gonad • Testes • Tunica albuginea • 200-300 lobules • Seminiferous tubules – location of sperm production – ½ mile long per testis!!

  4. Spermatogenesis • Takes 5-10 weeks • Production can be 300 million sperm/day • Spermatogonia mature to become • Primary spermatocytes, which undergo Meiosis I to become • Secondary spermatocytes, which undergo Meiosis II to become • Spermatids

  5. Sperm • Spermatids mature to become • Spermatozoa (…oon is sing.) which can live for 48-72 hrs, once ejaculated • Head • Nucleus • Acrosome • Midpiece • Mitochondria • Tail

  6. Testes • Straight tubules • Rete testes • Interstitial cells – Testosterone • Sperm production • Sex drive • Secondary sex characteristics

  7. Puberty • Physical signs • Hormones • Testosterone – Interstitial Cells • GnRH – Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone made by hypothalamus & stimulates Pituitary gland

  8. Hormones • LH = ICSH – Interstitial Cell stimulating hormone, made by Pituitary gland and stimulates I.C. to make testosterone • FSH = Follicle Stimulating Hormone, made by Pituitary gland and stimulates spermatogenesis • Inhibin – made by testes and inhibits FSH

  9. Epididymis • Posterior to testes • Head • Body • Tail • Place for maturation & storage of sperm • 1 day-30 days

  10. Ductus (Vas) deferens • Location • Transports sperm • Spermatic cord • Inguinal canal

  11. Urethra • Location & function • Prostatic • Membranous • Spongy = Penile • External urethral orifice

  12. Accessory Sex Glands • Seminal vesicles • Prostate • Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands • Semen • Sperm + fluids • 2.5-5 mls/ejac.; 300 million sperm/ejac.

  13. Penis • Erectile tissue – quite vascular • Corpus cavernosum • Dorsolateral penis; most vast • Corpus spongiosum • Surrounding urethra

  14. Penis • Glans penis • Prepuce

  15. Sexual responses • Erection • Penis enlargement & rigidity • Vascular!! – dilation of arterioles • Mediated by Parasympathetic nerve impulses

  16. Sexual responses • Emission • First portion of male orgasm • Mediated by sympathetic nerve impulses • Propels sperm to the urethra • Release of fluid from accessory sex glands

  17. Sexual responses • Ejaculation • Contractions resulting in release of SEMEN from urethra

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