US Military Responses to Terrorism: Covert Methods, Drones, and Diplomacy

1. U. S. RESPONSE TO TERRORISM PART III APRIL, 2013

2. “WHAT OTHER MILITARY PROGRAMS HAS US USED…?” • COVERT METHODS • 1. “Extraordinary rendition”: secret programs for secret locations • Detainees taken to secret prisons in Egypt, Syria, Uzbekistan, & Algeria • Extreme methods to gather info

3. #2 • Guantanamo Bay • “Black site” CIA • Prisons—Obama wants them closed

4. GITMO

5. GITMO PROTEST

6. #3: DRONE ATTACKS • UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle • Remote control • CIA has targeted Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, & Somalia • Since 2004: 1300-2100 militants in Pakistan killed • Large number of civilians killed, villages attacked

7. DRONES

8. REMOTE CONTROL

9. CONTROVERSIAL

10. DRONES • Unacknowledged, but known • Successful against al Qaeda • 2009: 58 attacks • 2010: 117 attacks • Controversial: a. civilians attacked & killed b. secret, so difficult to determine legitimacy of attacks—no public debate or discussion

11. DRONES • Assassination of terrorist leaders—no prisoners or trials of leaders • Anwar al-Awlaki—anti-US cleric • Debate: illegal or legal? • Government defense: Military enemies of USA, threats to US security

12. OTHER MEASURES AGAINST AL QAEDA & TERRORISM • ECONOMIC WEAPONS: 1.Clinton: block $ transactions b/ al Qaeda & US companies, citizens 2. Bush: Banks & charities sending $ to terrorists 3. US pressures foreign banks al Qaeda cannot use “normal” banks—uses couriers 4. US: more funding for HEW in nations where terrorism is a problem

13. O’Bama—June, 2009 • “We…know that military power alone is not going t solve the problems in Afghanistan and Pakistan.”

14. Post 9/1 relations b/ US et al. • Uk, France, Russia, et al • Diplomatic support • Shared intelligence • Opposition to war in Iraq • Opposition to treatment of terrorists • O’Bama has reached out to Muslim world

15. O’Bama at Al-Azhar U, Cairo 6/2009 • “I have come here to seek a new beginning b/ the US & Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; one based upon the truth that America & Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, & share common principles—principles of justice & progress; tolerance & dignity of all human beings.”

16. Pakistan • US ally • Previous support of Taliban • Pos 9/11 allowed US troops based in Pakistan • And, US lifted sanctions caused by Pakistani nuclear test in 1998 • Pakistani border: haven for terrorists—key problem

17. Bin Laden • His death: problem; increased tensions b/ US & Pakistan • Abbottabad: 1 mile from military academy; 40 miles from capital city • Pakistani intelligence?? • Pakistanis angry that US entered w/o permission • Pakistan: doesn’t feel like an = partner in fight against al Qaeda & Taliban

18. Domestic Security • Balance b/ principle & security • Department of Homeland Security • Created by Bush 43 • Response to domestic terrorism • Key issues: • Civil defense • Trade • Infrastructure • Visitors & Immigration • Border Control

19. Civil Defense • Prepare for domestic attack • Stockpiling meds & vaccines • Responses to chemical, biological, or nuclear attack • Hurricane Katrina response was alarming • More funding for emergency ops, communications, hospital preparedness

20. Trade • Economic openness • International trade: $3 trillion • Increased traffic of goods—complications • In a crisis: transportation system (and trade) was shut down • Challenge: how to keep transportation functioning

21. Infrastructure • Transportation • Telecommunications equipment • Water & power supplies: critical to sound economy

22. Infrastructure • Limited areas: oil deliveries in regional ports • Attack on a port can paralyze US economy • E. G., US Cole in Yemen in 2000 • New challenges strain Coast Guard personnel & equipment

23. Visitors/Immigration • 2010: 60 million visitors in USA • 9/11 hijackers: foreign nationals • FBI received info on 2 9/11 hijackers relating to U. S. Cole—could not find them • INS: no luck • No awareness of immediate threat, so no nitification of FAA, et al

24. Visitors/Immigaration • How to keep track of overstay or misuse visa • Need more personnel • Need technology that enables shared intell b/ all US agencies • US openness is key to economic success: immigration brings skills and labor supply

25. Border Control • Thousands of miles of borders • 350 international points of entry into USA • Vulnerable to: 1) illegal economic immigration; 2) drug smuggling; 3) entrance of international terrorists • Safety vs. surveillance

26. Shared Intelligence • Homeland Security Department works with USICS Customs Service Border Patrol Et al • Need: updated electronic information systems—p. 27

27. QUESTIONS TO PONDER • 1. Whys has the USA been targeted by terrorists? • 2. Why do some think that many Americans will die on American soil? • 3. Why and with whom has the US forged many alliances in the war on terror?

28. CONTINUED • 4. Name 5 domestic issues that the USA faces in the war on terror. Explain 2 in detail.