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Final Steps

Final Steps. The Final Moments before the American Civil War. Election of 1860. 4 Individuals run for the Office of President Northern Democrats- Stephen Douglass (Il.) Southern Democrats- John C. Breckenridge (KT) North and South Moderates- John Bell (TN) Republicans- Abraham Lincoln (Il.).

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Final Steps

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  1. Final Steps The Final Moments before the American Civil War

  2. Election of 1860 4 Individuals run for the Office of President • Northern Democrats- Stephen Douglass (Il.) • Southern Democrats- John C. Breckenridge (KT) • North and South Moderates- John Bell (TN) • Republicans- Abraham Lincoln (Il.)

  3. Electoral Map

  4. Confederacy • South Carolina votes for secession on December 20, 1860. • S.C. is the only state to unanimously vote to leave the Union. • S.C. claimed states had the right to leave the Union and that the state’s rights supersede federal power. • By February 1861- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia had also left. • February 4, Montgomery Alabama- The Confederate States of America is born.

  5. Jefferson Davis – Former Sen. from Mississippi President of the C.S.A.

  6. Reactions • Robert E. Lee (VA)- “I see only that a fearful calamity is upon us” • Other Southerners celebrate secession • Some Abolitionists – Fine. Get out. Later dudes. • Most Northerners were MAD • Lincoln- The question was “whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the government whenever they choose”

  7. Interesting Bit of Info • Many political leaders in N.Y.C. also wanted to leave the Union. • Not to join the Confederacy, but to be an “Independent City” • This may have happened if Southern Secession had not turned violent.

  8. Crittenden Compromise • Right before secession Senator John Crittenden (KT) proposed a series of Constitutional Amendments to protect slavery south of the 36°30’N. • Republicans reject the proposal • Why? • Southern leaders also rejected the idea • “We spit upon every plan to compromise” • House AND Senate say “NO”

  9. I.A- The “Shadow 13th Amendment” • The “Corwin Amendment” • Passed the House and Senate March 2, 1861 • “No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State” • Maryland and Ohio ratified the Amendment. • Ohio rescinded ratification in 1864. • Maryland is JUST NOW starting the rescind process. • In 1964, A Texas State Rep. proposed ratification.

  10. Lincoln’s First InaugurationMarch 4, 1861 Some arguments in Lincoln’s first presidential address to the nation. • 1) “I have no purpose…to interfere with the institution of slavery where it already exists” • 2) The Union is more than the constitution • 3) Union is a mutual contract between states. One side cannot terminate (end) the contract. Finally- Lincoln will not hesitate to use force to stop Southern aggression against land and installations held by the Federal Government

  11. Ft. SumterApril 12-14, 1861

  12. War has Come “ I am loth to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. They mystic chords of memory, stretching form every battle-field, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.” President Lincoln- March 4, 1861

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