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General Pathology

General Pathology. Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Oncology - II. Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague. General Oncology - 2. Biology of the neoplastic growth Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) Classification of the neoplasms

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General Pathology

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  1. General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Oncology - II Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague

  2. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  3. Tumour swelling of any kind NEOPLASIA

  4. NEOPLASIA Def.: persistent abnormal relatively autonomous proliferation of cells

  5. Neoplasia (Tumour) • DNA disease: Stepwise accumulation of genetic abnormalities • Escapeof immunological clearing systems

  6. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  7. NEOPLASIA – classification BEHAVIORAL • benign • borderline • malignant histological vs. clinical behaviour

  8. NEOPLASIA – growth benign expansive borderline - locally destructive malignant infiltrative METASTASES

  9. Metastasis Def.: development of secondary tumour foci in the distant places

  10. Metastases - pathways • seeding (body cavities) • lymphaticspread • hematogenous spread

  11. NEOPLASIA – architecture solid glandular papillary cystopapillary dissociated

  12. NEOPLASIA – cytology Benign similar to nonneoplastic Malignant cellular pleomorphism NUCLEAR FEATURES: hyperchromasia(polyploidy, aneuploidy) rough chromatine structure irregular nuclear outline large and/or multiple nucleoli or undifferentiated monotonous cellularity

  13. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  14. Pseudotumors Definition: - pathological lesions of different etiology masqueradingreal neoplasms

  15. Pseudotumors • cysts • pseudocysts • deposits of pathol. material (gout, ganglion, amyloid) • inflammatory pseudotumors(tuberculoma) • hyperplasia (esp. nodular) • embryonal development disturbance (choristia, hamarcia)

  16. Hamartia – Hamartoma Def.: A mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to the particular site.

  17. Precanceroses (preblastomatoses) Definition: - pathological conditions of various etiology bearing inscreased risk of malignancy development

  18. Nonneoplastic Growth Disturbances – II • repair • hypertrophy / atrophy • hyperplasia • metaplasia • dysplasia • anaplasia – undifferentiation

  19. Precanceroses (preblastomatoses) • most pseudotumorous processes with dysplasia features • dysplastic and metaplastic lesions looking not like tumours (SIL, intest. metaplasia)

  20. pseudotumors precanceroses PSEUDOTUMORSand PRECANCEROSES (preblastomatoses)

  21. pseudotumors clinical morphological precanceroses screening morphological Diagnosis early less complicated therapy

  22. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  23. NEOPLASIA – classification HISTOGENETIC • mesenchymal • epithelial • neuroectodermal • mixed, teratoma • choriocarcinoma • mesotelioma

  24. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  25. Methods of tumour diagnostics • Clinical symptoms – history • imaging techniques, laboratory tests • morphology • cytology & histology & autopsy • Symptomles precanceroses / tumours – screening – e.g. Hemocult, Pap-test • histology incl. special staining methods • immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy • genetic analysis

  26. Malignant Tumour TYPING ICD-O GRADING G1 G2 G3 STAGING pTpNpM Tumour -Noduli-Metastases

  27. General Oncology - 2 • Biology of the neoplastic growth • Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) • Classification of the neoplasms • Methods of tumour diagnostics • Neoplasm prognostification

  28. Malignant Tumour TYPING ICD-O GRADING G1 G2 G3 STAGING pTpNpM Tumour -Noduli-Metastases

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