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Lifespan changes in sleep.

Lifespan changes in sleep. Prenatal & Infant sleep. Okai et al (1992): Used ultrasound scanning to investigate possible sleep patterns in unborn children of the 30 ‘normal ’ pregnant women between 20 and 40 weeks (beginning of 5mths-full term).

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Lifespan changes in sleep.

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  1. Lifespan changes in sleep.

  2. Prenatal & Infant sleep. • Okai et al (1992): • Used ultrasound scanning to investigate possible sleep patterns in unborn children of the 30 ‘normal’ pregnant women between 20 and 40 weeks (beginning of 5mths-full term). What are some of the possible reasons that a more direct approach is not being used? OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Sample size? Methodology? Application?

  3. Prenatal & Infant sleep. • This study was completed by: • Measuring eye movement and baby movement. • What instrument would they need to use? • Findings: • Prior to 28 weeks (7 mths) REM was hard to identify. • At 32 weeks REM/NREM cycles could be distinguished.

  4. What do these findings suggest? • The critical point in gestation is measured at 32 weeks. • This is further supported by a correlation found between sleep changes and the development of the brain. • E.g. Brain stem reaches a developmental high between 28 and 31 weeks, there is a known link between these neural systems & control of the REM/NREM ultradian cycles.

  5. Further evidence…….. • Q: What do we know about newborns? • A: Spend approx 17 hrs a day asleep with 50% of this time in REM. • The adult NREM/REM pattern does not emerge for several months.

  6. Prenatal/Infant sleep cont…. • Q. What is the usual pattern that babies sleep follows???? • A. The amount of time needed in REM sleep decreases in the first year, with a decline to approx 13 hours (Sheldon,1996). Are these conclusions sound? What other studies support/refute these findings?

  7. Other factors that may impact infant sleep patterns? • Maternal behaviour (depression) • Armitage (2009) found of the 18 healthy full term infants they studied at 6 monthly intervals. • 11 of the babies were born to depressed mothers. • They found infants of depressed mothers took longer to fall asleep & had sleep patterns that were different to those experienced by the babies from non depressed mothers. Also consider: Baird et al (2009) As supporting evidence.

  8. Other factors that may impact sleep patterns? • Adolescents: The cause is usually the cause of social changes such as • Sleeping longer at weekends. • Staying up later. • Reduced parental influence. • Several environmental factors are also responsible for changes in sleep……..

  9. Other factors that may impact sleep patterns? Wolfson & Carskadon (1998) Pagel (2007) • Increased h/w • Using the computer • During adolescence the brain is going through a critical phase of cortical development & cognitive change, & sleep is crucial in ensuring that these changes occur efficiently.

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