1 / 15

Formal Logic

Formal Logic. Deductive and Inductive logic. Deductive Logic. Moves from general to specific General, agreed upon truth + General, agreed upon truth = More specific conclusion combining elements of each truth. Map it out. Example. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man.

zahir-davenport
Download Presentation

Formal Logic

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Formal Logic Deductive andInductivelogic

  2. Deductive Logic • Moves from general to specific General, agreed upon truth + General, agreed upon truth = More specific conclusion combining elements of each truth

  3. Map it out

  4. Example • All men are mortal. • Socrates is a man. • Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  5. Syllogism Premise #1 + Premise #2 = Conclusion

  6. Here is a trick to help you remember • All birds have wings. • A duck is a bird. • Therefore, a duck has wings.

  7. Corny memory trick: • Q: Which type of logic uses the syllogism? • Answer: (In Jamaican accent) “De Duck mon!” (Deductive)

  8. Inductive Logic • Moves from specific evidence/data or observations to draw general conclusions:

  9. Map it out

  10. Example of Inductive logic • Every time I rub my dog on its belly, it licks me. • My mom just rubbed it on its belly and it licked her. • My dog does loves to be rubbed on the belly.

  11. Helpful hints • Start with empirical or observable evidence • Put evidence together to work up to a general conclusion

  12. Inductive or Deductive? • In a sample of 500 smokers, 230 were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Smoking causes heart disease. • inductive

  13. Inductive or Deductive? • I wore my lucky sweater and aced the test last month. I forgot to wear my lucky sweater and failed a test last week. I need to wear my lucky sweater for this week’s test. • deductive

  14. Inductive or Deductive? • Marriage must be between a man and a woman. Gay marriage is between two men or two women. Therefore, gay marriage is not marriage. • deductive

  15. Inductive or Deductive? • you note that the probability of becoming schizophrenic is greatly increased if at least one parent is schizophrenic, and from that you conclude that schizophrenia may be inherited • inductive

More Related