Colonial Georgia-The Founding of Georgia

Colonial Georgia-The Founding of Georgia By Dale J. Zaboroskie EDUC 601.1 Media and Technology for Educators An Interactive Study in Georgia Studies

James Oglethorpe-the founder of Georgia • King George of England grants Georgia Charter 1732 • The Anne lands on Yamacraw Bluff near Savannah 1733 • Meets Tomochici • Oglethorpe and colonist start to plan the city of Savannah on February 12, 1733 • (Title page & Oglethorpe Pics from http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1058)

James OglethorpeAnswer these QuestionsWho gave Oglethorpe the charter for Georgia A. King George B. Queen Elisabeth C. Tomochichi

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Where did James Ogelthorpe decide to start his first settlement A. Beauford, South Carolina B. Yamacra Bluff, Near Savannah C. St. Augustine, Florida

Tomochichi http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-689&hl=y • prominent character of early Georgia history • principal mediator between the native population and the new English settlers • created his own tribe of the Yamacraws from an assortment of Creek and Yamasee Indians • gave them permission to establish Savannah in order to take advantage of trading and diplomatic connections. • met with other Lower Creek chieftains to reassure them of the honest intentions of these new Englishmen and convinced them to ally with the English despite previous deceitful encounters with their northern neighbors in South Carolina.

Tomochichi Who was he? A. He really hated English Colonist B. Principal mediator between the native population and the new English settlers C. gave them permission to establish Savannahin order to take advantage of trading and diplomatic connections BothA and B Both B and C

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Mary Musgrove • daughter of the English trader Edward Griffin and a Creek Indian mother • served as a cultural liaison between colonial Georgia and her Native American community • married English trader John Musgrove, and together they set up a trading post near the Savannah River • was instrumental in the peaceful founding of Savannah, and by extension, the Georgia colony • John and Mary Musgrove pic- http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-688&hl=y

Mary Musgrove Who was she? A. daughter of the English trader Edward Griffin and a Creek Indian mother B. was instrumental in the peaceful founding of Savannah, and by extension, the Georgia colony C. served as a cultural liaison between colonial Georgia and her Native American community married English trader John Musgrove D. All of the above

Georgia Colony • Prison reform in England led to the charter of the colony; England’s jailed debtors would be sent to the new colony to work off debts • Oglethorpe as one of twenty-one Trustees to govern the new colony chosen by King George of England • Georgia's being a haven for debtors in English prisons had long vanished—and not one formerly jailed debtor was among the first colonists selected. • In November 1732 a total of 114 men, women, and children gathered at Gravesend on the River Thames to set sail for the new colony of Georgia

Georgia Colony contd. • The colonists were entitled to all the rights of Englishmen, yet there was • no provision for the essential right of local government. • Religious liberty was guaranteed, except for Roman Catholicismand Judaism. • The charter created a corporate body called a Trust and provided for an unspecified number of Trustees who would govern the colony from England

Georgia Colony Question A. Prison reform was the initial idea for starting the Georgia Colony B. There were many debtors that came from England to help settle the colony of Georgia C. The future colonist to settle Georgia left England in September 1732 D. There were no women on the ship that left England to make the voyage to America.

Georgia Colony Question A. Georgia allowed all religions to worship as they pleased B. The Colony of Georgia was self-governed C. The charter created a corporate body called a Trust D. The colonist were entitled to all the rights of an Englishmen E. Both C and D F. Both A and D

Georgia Colony – The First Settlement • Started in winter; Early colonist lived in tents near the Savannah River • Clearing the pine forest on Yamacraw Bluff with hand tools. • Hand sawed logs for houses, pulled stumps and roots • Savannah laid out using a special plan designed in London, with open spaces called squares as the main feature.

Georgia Colony-Hardship • Clearing the land hard-colonist were not prepared • Drinking water from the Savannah River caused dysentery and other diseases. • In April of 1733, the only doctor died • During a ten month period, death came to one out of every four colonist • Summertime brought frequent and heavy rains • Insects, humidity, and heat of the coastal region

Battle of Bloody Marsh • Spanish forces regroup and were determined to stand their ground • Oglethorpe’s army hid in the bushes waiting for Spanish troops • Bloody, but brief battle ensued, and Spanish forces were in complete retreat. • Georgia colony was saved • Oglethorpe promoted by King George II to General • Background Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/bcostin/15579095/

The French and Indian War • 1752-Georgia becomes a Royal colony – now subects under direct control of Britain • 1754-Great Britain and France go to war over their world empires • Again, spillover to Georgia-Colonist called it the French and Indian War, but really it was the French and Indians on one side and Great Britain and the colonist on the other • Frontier fighting was savage, with scalpings and other cruelties.

The French and Indian War • 1762-Both France and Spain wanted peace • 1763-The Treaty of Paris is signed bringing peace and Britain demands both countries to give up great portions of their claims to land in North America • Georgia is extended westward to the Mississippi boundary • Proclamation of 1763-King George III announces Britain is creating four new North American colonies Quebec (Canada), Grenada (Caribbean), East & West Florida

The Colony of Georgia Grows and Prospers • Proclamation extends Georgia’s boundary to include all land north of West & East Florida • France & Spain no longer a viable threat • Creeks ceded 2 million acres of land to Georgia • Georgia quickly surveys new land • Develops Headright System-Head of each family receives a given right to 100 acres • New settlers rush to Georgia for free land

What do you know? Write a six to ten sentence reflection essay on how the Georgia colony started. Be sure to include: • The original reason the colony of Georgia was started • At least one major character from the colony of Georgia • How do you think the colony of Georgia affected those that already lived there.

Summary Photo http://www.nndb.com/people/948/000068744 • Georgia’s original vision to help the debtors of England fails • Colonist experience the hardship of establishing a new colony • Friends were made and lost • Bitter battles encased the history of the Georgia colony • Rebirth of original vision of Oglethorpe’s seen in land ownership opportunities after King George the III’s Proclamation of 1763

References: • Jackson, E.L., Stakes, M.E. Hepburn, L.R., & Hepburn, M.A. (2001) The Georgia studies book: Our state and the nation. Carl Vinson Institute of Government, The University of Georgia 5th Ed. Pages 72-84 • Dixie Rising presents http://dixierising.com/Holidays/state/georgia_settlement.phtml • The New Georgia Enclyclopedia http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/SearchResult.jsp

Author Information • Dale J. Zaboroskie Georgia Mountains Christian Academy Mount Airy, Georgia Contact zabby46@yahoo.com

Colonial Georgia-The Founding of Georgia