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 關鍵性製程確效作業資料

 關鍵性製程確效作業資料. 林 邦德. 製程確效 (藥品優良製造確效作業基準 88.04.13 4 ). 製 程 確 效 : 確認產品之製造程序及其管制條件,具有良好的 有效性 與 再現性 。 確效計畫書 : 說明將 如何進行 確效之書面計畫書,內容包括予以 測試之指標 , 產品特質 , 生產設備 ,以及 測試合格之判定標準 。. Process Development 製程研發. Process Scale Up 試製. Commercial Production Process 量產 3 batches validation 三批確效

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 關鍵性製程確效作業資料

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  1.  關鍵性製程確效作業資料 林 邦德

  2. 製程確效(藥品優良製造確效作業基準88.04.134)製程確效(藥品優良製造確效作業基準88.04.134) • 製 程 確 效: 確認產品之製造程序及其管制條件,具有良好的有效性與再現性。 • 確效計畫書:說明將如何進行確效之書面計畫書,內容包括予以測試之指標,產品特質,生產設備,以及測試合格之判定標準。

  3. Process Development 製程研發 Process Scale Up 試製 Commercial Production Process 量產 3 batches validation 三批確效 (Process Change another 3 batches validation) 製程更改則需另作三批

  4. 內容

  5. 品 名 :_________ 主成分 : _________ 劑 型 :_________ 指標分析成分 :________ 關鍵性製程確效作業查檢表 ( Courtesy of former BFDA-CDST) 一、確效計畫書與執行 執行確效方法 :□先期性 □併行性□回溯性 計畫書之核准 □制訂人 □核定人 □制訂日期 □核定日期

  6. 確效計畫書(藥品優良製造確效作業基準7) • 確效或驗證之項目。 • 確效或驗證之目的及整體目標。 • 預定實施頻率。 • 該項確效或驗證之計畫書制訂及各次改訂日期,以及改訂事項。 • 確效或驗證方法。 • 合格標準範圍。 • 數據或資料處理方法。 • 確效或驗證書面資料之改訂程序及保管相關事項。 • 執行確效或驗證之責任單位及負責人員。

  7. 產品詳細處方一覽表 • 主成分(Active substance) • 賦形劑(Excipients) • 增量(Overages) Ref: ICH Q8 Pharmaceutical Development

  8. 批量 • Pilot Batch: Batch size should correspond to at least 10% of the future industrial-scale batch. For oral solid dosage forms this size should be at least 10% or 100,000 units whichever is greater unless otherwise justified. • Production Batch: Drug product manufactured at production scale by using production equipment in a production facility as specified in the application.

  9.  製造流程圖 • A short description of the manufacturing process in a schematic drawing or flow chart

  10.  各製程操作條件 Ref: 關鍵性製程及其指標(88.10.21公告)

  11. Acceptance Criteria 合格範圍 • Product Specifications 產品既定規格 • Pharmacopoeia Specifications 產品藥典規格 • Product In-process Specifications 產品製程規格

  12. 設定合格範圍 Setting Limits • 藥品查驗登記的規格 • 安定性規格 • 成品檢驗放行規格 • 確效規格 產品查驗登記的規格依據安定性規格 成品放行規格 製程規格(Limits)

  13. 固型製劑之分類 • 散、粉劑 • 顆粒、錠劑、丸劑 • 加衣錠 • 膠囊、軟膠囊

  14. 散劑、粉劑之製造程序 • 稱量 • 顆粒粉碎 • 過篩 • 混合

  15. 固型製劑之製造程序(I) • 混合與造粒Mixing & Granulation • Granulation 造粒 • Wet Granulation 濕製粒 • Roll Compaction / Slugging 乾製粒 • Direct Mixing 直混

  16. 固型製劑之製造程序(II)

  17. 固型製劑之製造程序(III) • 壓錠與膠充Compressing & Encapsulation • Compression 打錠 • 單層錠 • 雙層錠 • 子母錠 • Encapsulation 充填 • 硬膠囊 • 軟膠囊

  18. 加衣Coating Film Coating 膜衣 Sugar Coating 糖衣 Enteric Coating腸溶錠 shellac coating sub coating color coating polishing enteric coating sub coating color coating polishing 固型製劑之製造程序(IV)

  19. Mixing 混合 Kneading 鍊合 Fluid Bed Granulation 流動床造粒 Time / RPM Time / RPM Liquid addition rate 添加率 Inlet air temp. 進氣溫度 Fluidizing air vol. 空氣量 Process air humidity 濕度 Atomization air Pressure 空壓 製程參數

  20. Extrusion 擠出 Roll Compaction 滾壓 Drying 乾燥 Milling / Sizing 整粒 Final Blending 最終混合 Lubrication 潤滑 Time / Pressure Time / Pressure Time / Temp. Mesh / Blade RPM 網徑 / 切刀轉速 Time / RPM Time / RPM 製程參數

  21. 固型製劑之規格(I) • Physical Analysis • Appearance 外觀 AQ-UP • Diameters 大小 strength • Hardness 硬度 stability • Friability 脆度 stability • Weight Variation 重量偏差 strength • Moisture Content 水份含量 stability • Disintegration 崩散時間 efficiency

  22. 固型製劑之規格(II) • Chemical Analysis • Identity 鑑定 safety • Dissolution 溶離度 efficiency • Content Uniformity 含量均一度 strength • Content 含量 strength • Impurity Content 不純物含量 purity • Stability Analysis 安定性分析 stability • Decomposition Products 分解產物 purity

  23. 混合工程 造粒工程 乾燥工程 整粒工程 壓錠工程 加衣工程 膠囊充填工程 含量均一度 殘餘量 水分含量 粒徑分布、安息角、粗密度與 輕擊密度 外觀、厚度、硬度、脆度、 重量均一度、崩散度或溶離度 外觀、包覆百分率、釋離行為 重量均一度 固型製劑之製程管制

  24. Bulk density Flow ability Particle size distribution 粒度分佈 Moisture Content 水份含量 Weight and content uniformity Hardness Disintegration / Dissolution Weight and content uniformity Hardness Capping / Lamination Friction / Adhesion Hardness Disintegration / Dissolution Poor Physical / Chemical Stability 顆粒特性對錠劑之影響

  25. 半固型製劑之處方組成 • Active Ingredients • Bases • Other excipients • Antimicrobial • Preservatives • Antioxidants • Stabilizers • Emulsifiers • Thickeners • Penetration • Enhancers

  26. 半固型製劑之規格 • potency • content uniformity • drug release • Particle size • viscosity • pH • Pathogen • Microbial • Preservative efficacy • Appearance • Package compatibility • Crystal form

  27. 真空乳化工程 充填工程 pH值、含量均一度、 比重、黏度 含量均一度、重量偏差 半固型製劑之製程管制

  28. 液劑之分類(中華藥典) Example: • 溶液劑 - 係含是一種或多種藥品溶解或分散於一適當溶劑,或相互混合溶劑之混合物。 • 酏劑 - 為一種供內服用之澄明、甜味、含乙醇水溶液。 • 醑劑 - 為一種含是揮發性物質之乙醇溶液,或含水乙醇溶液。 • 酊劑 - 為生藥或化學藥品,經滲漉法、浸漬法或溶液法製成之一種乙醇溶液,或含水乙醇溶液。 • 乳劑 - 為一種二相系統之液體製劑,其中一種液體呈小球狀分散於另一種液體中。

  29. 液劑的製造程序

  30. 液劑之規格 • Appearance • pH • Specific gravity • Viscosity • Alcohol, v/v (%) • Assay of active ingredients

  31. 溶解工程 充填工程 pH值、含量均一度、比重、黏度 含量均一度、重量偏差 液劑劑之製程管制

  32.  Sampling 取樣 • Sampling timing 取樣時機 • Sampling points 取樣點 • Sample size 取樣數 Sampling timing 取樣時機 • during the process • at the time of blender discharge or directly from drums

  33. Sampling points 取樣點 • 不同Blender 可能發生 • Segregation (Pony Pan Type) • Poor mixing • Dead –spot (Ribbon Blender) • Lumps (Tumbler Blender) • Re-crystallization (High Shear Mixer)

  34. Sampling points 取樣點

  35. Sampling points 取樣點

  36. Sampling method 取樣方法 • Simple sampling 簡易取樣法 • Samples taken from the discharged blend 出料中取樣 • Thief sampling 取樣器法 • Samples taken from the blender 使用取樣器取樣

  37. 關鍵性製程確效作業查檢表(cont.) *滅菌工程 □是 □否(無菌製劑) □無菌充填/ □最終滅菌 □ 冷凍乾燥 另附相關之查檢表 • 無菌充填過程確效 • 環氧乙烯滅菌確效 • 放射線滅菌確效 ___________________________________ ※ 製程確效三批結果彙整報告 □是 □否 批號及批量:____________________

  38. 關鍵性製程及其指標(88.10.21公告)

  39. Introduction Sterilization Non thermal Thermal Moist heat Sterilization Dry heat Sterilization Gamma irradiation Chemicals: Ethylene Oxide

  40. Moist Heat • Saturated steam • Common cycles: • 121°C for 15 minutes • 134°C for 3 minutes • Other cycles of lower temperature and longer time may be used (e.g. 115°C for 30 minutes) • Used for sterilization of: • terminal sterilization of aqueous injections, ophthalmic preparations, irrigation & haemodialysis solutions, equipment used in aseptic processing

  41. PNSU - Probability of a Non-Sterile Unit • The probability of a unit (product container) being non-sterile after the application of a lethal agent. • PNSU of 1 in 106 -- the probability that a unit is non-sterile is one in a million • FO - Sterilization Process Equivalent Time • The equivalent number of minutes at 121.1°C delivered to a unit by a sterilization process. • FO = 8 minutes -- the cycle delivered a microbial lethality equivalent to 8 minutes at 121.1°C

  42. Validation - Cycle Development • Concept of Fo • Lethality factor equivalent to time at 121°C • 1 minute at 121°C is equivalent to Fo of 1. • Lethality can accumulate during heat up and cool down phases Typical temperature profile of a heat sterilization process What would be the Fo of a cycle at 121°C for 15 minutes?

  43. Other Sterilization Processes Sterilization using other processes should follow a similar approach as that described for moist heat • Validation protocol • Equipment calibration • Determining the process that will deliver the desired SAL (10-6) • IQ, OQ, PQ • Requirements for routine monitoring and control

  44. 無菌充填 • test filling process • perform filling process with nutrient media • run at full scale for at least one fill size • worst case; large volume and number of vials • filled vials incubated, observed and test for contamination by validated sterility test • must be sterile for 3 consecutive runs • media fill performed twice a year • size of run must be large enough to detect low levels of contamination e.g. contamination rate of 1/1000, 3000 units are needed to provide 95% confidence

  45. 無菌作業 Drug Product Sterilization Process Sterile Drug Product Container Sterilization Process Sterile Container Sterile Final Product Aseptic Processing Closure Sterilization Process Sterile Closure Excipient Sterilization Process Sterile Excipient Can use multiple sterilization processes each optimized for the individual component

  46. Sterile room wall Vacuum gauge Upper compensating shelf Door Defrose water inlet Pump isolation valve Ice condenser Vacuum Pumping group Drain Heating system Refrigeration group 凍晶乾燥

  47. 關鍵性製程確效計畫書查檢表(cont.) 清潔確效 主 成 分:_________________________ 指標分析成分:_________________________ 確效批號:_________________________ 合格標準:_________________________ 結果:__________________________ □組群組 Grouping □個別產品 □Rinse □ Swab

  48. 清潔確效取樣方法 • 直接表面取樣法(擦拭法) 取樣方式規範 取樣物材質規範、取樣媒介質(溶媒) Blank test、取樣之回收檢品能力 • 間接取樣法(洗滌液取樣法) 大面積或不能不能拆解的設備 (篩網、除粉機、流動床濾袋) 標的物之溶解度(取樣) 於適當溶媒中直接測量(檢品配製)

  49. 清潔確效 • 77.5.6. 優良藥品製造標準 (GMP) • 88.4.29. 現行優良藥品製造標準 (cGMP) • 90.10. 清潔確效指導手冊 美國 FDA Guide to inspections validation of cleaning processes 加拿大 Cleaning validation guidelines-Therapeutic products programme (May, 2000.)

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