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Classification of Life

Classification of Life. Biology 2. Main Distinctions:. What kind of cells make up an organism Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound organelles & cytoskeleton. What kind of cells make up an organism Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound organelles & cytoskeleton

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Classification of Life

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  1. Classification of Life Biology 2

  2. Main Distinctions: • What kind of cells make up an organism • Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound organelles & cytoskeleton

  3. What kind of cells make up an organism • Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound organelles & cytoskeleton • Prokaryotic: cells without membrane-bound organelles & no cytoskeleton

  4. Eu – “true” nucleus • fungi, protists, algae are microbial eukaryotes • Unicellular • Nucleus and other organelles present • 4 or more chromosomes • Sexual or asexual • Larger ribosomes • Can cause disease • Pro – “before”; Kary – “nut” or “kernal” • Unicellular • No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Only 1 chromosome • Asexual • Smaller ribosomes • Can be pathogenic • No archea found that causes disease Eukaryote Prokaryote

  5. What kind of cells make up an organism • Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound organelles & cytoskeleton • Prokaryotic: cells without membrane-bound organelles & no cytoskeleton • How individuals obtain energy & carbon • Autotroph • Heterotroph

  6. Classes of Metabolism • Autotrophic organisms make food for themselves from light or other inorganic (nonliving) sources • Photoautotroph • Chemoautotroph • Heterotrophic organisms consume other organisms or waste for food • Photoheterotroph • Chemoheterotroph

  7. Photoautotrophs • sunlight is energy source • CO2 is carbon source • Uses photosynthesis • (Usually plants, algae, bacteria, some archea)

  8. Chemoautotrophs • use inorganic molecules (H2S, NH4, S, H2, NO2, N2, etc.) for energy • CO2 is carbon source • (some bacteria, some archaea) *No sunlight needed!!! Chromatin, which is an example of a Purple Bacteria, Rhizobium, which is an example of Chemoautotrophic Proteobacteria

  9. Photoheterotrophs • light is energy source • organic molecules are carbon source • some bacteria Heliobacteriummodesticaldum

  10. Chemoheterotrophs • Energy and carbon is from organic carbon source • Includes many bacteria, some archea, protists, and fungi • All the disease causing organisms are in this category Salmonella, which is an example of ChemoheterotrophicProteobacteria

  11. Taxonomy

  12. Archaea • Prokaryotic • Most heterotrophic • No peptidoglycan in cell wall

  13. euBacteria • Prokaryotic • Most heterotrophic

  14. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Cell walls with chitin

  15. Protista (animal – like) • Unicellular (mostly) • Eukaryotic • heterotrophic

  16. Protista (plant – like) • Single and multicellular • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic • Differ from plants in reproductive structures, in some pigments, life history, etc.)

  17. Protista (fungus – like) • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • No chitin in cell walls

  18. Plantae • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic (mostly) • Cellulose in cell walls • Multicellular

  19. animalia • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • No cell walls • Multicellular

  20. Virus? • Not alive! • Have some elements of life: • Proteins • Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) • Effect living systems (HIV, Hepititis, bird flu) • Prions – not alive, but are protein-like molecules that affect living things • Mad cow • KJD

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