1 / 29

Lecture # 15: The Skeletal System-1

Lecture # 15: The Skeletal System-1. (Chapter 8). Objectives:. 1- Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. 2- Describe the general structure and components of the vertebral column. 3- Describe the criteria used to classify joints structurally and functionally.

yvonne
Download Presentation

Lecture # 15: The Skeletal System-1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture # 15: The Skeletal System-1 (Chapter 8) Objectives: 1- Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. 2- Describe the general structure and components of the vertebral column. 3- Describe the criteria used to classify joints structurally and functionally. 4- Describe the anatomical features common to all synovial joints, the six types of synovial joints, and the movements allowed at each type.

  2. Head of the femur Head of the humerus Costal facets Condyles Anatomical Features (markings) of Bones Projections that help to form joints: Olecranon process Process: Any bony prominence

  3. Trochanters Tibial tuberosity Linea aspera Anterior crest Epicondyle Condyle Lesser tubercle Spine of scapula Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment:

  4. Fovea capitis Frontal sinus Auditory canal Internal acoustic meatus Hypophyseal Fossa Infraorbital foramen Superior orbital fissure Depressions: Alveolus: A pit or socket (tooth socket) Alveolus Fovea: A small pit Passages and cavities: Canal: A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone Meatus: An opening into a canal

  5. Skeleton Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

  6. Axial Skeleton Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Thoracic or rib cage

  7. Cranial and Facial Bones Coronal suture Sagittal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Occipital bone Lacrimal bone Squamous suture Squamous Region Lambdoid suture Zygomatic bone Temporal bone Maxilla Temporal process Zygomatic process External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandible Mental foramen Styloid process Mandibular condyle

  8. Cranial and Facial Bones Coronal suture Squamous suture FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE SPHENOID BONE TEMPORAL BONE ETHMOID BONE NASAL BONE Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process External acoustic meatus LACRIMAL BONE OCCIPITAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA Mastoid process Styloid process Mandibular condyle MANDIBLE CRANIAL BONES FACIAL BONES Lateral view

  9. Parietal bone Frontal bone Supraorbital foramen Supraorbital margin Temporal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid Middle nasal concha Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic bone Vomer Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen

  10. Nasal septum Vomer Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Alveolar process of maxilla Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Septal cartilage Supra-orbital foramen Infra-orbital foramen Mental foramen Alveolar process of mandible

  11. Anterior view FRONTAL BONE NASAL BONE PARIETAL BONE TEMPORAL BONE SPHENOID BONE LACRIMAL BONE ETHMOID BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA VOMER MAXILLA Middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid) MANDIBLE CRANIAL BONES FACIAL BONES

  12. Frontal bone Crista galliof ethmoid bone Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Sellaturcica Hypophyseal fossa Temporal bone Petrous region Parietal bone Foramen magnum Occipital bone

  13. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Crista galli of ethmoid bone SPHENOID BONE Sellaturcica Optic foramina Hypophyseal fossa Petrous region of temporal bone OCCIPITAL BONE Foramen magnum Interior view

  14. Palatine process of maxilla Hard (bonny) palate Zygomatic bone Temporal process Palatine bone Zygomatic arch Zygomatic process Vomer Sphenoid bone Mandibular fossa Styloid process External acoustic meatus Occipital condyles Mastoid process Foramen magnum Temporal bone Parietal bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone

  15. Palatine process of maxilla Hard (bonny) palate PALATINE BONE Temporal process Zygomatic arch Zygomatic process VOMER BONE External acoustic meatus Mandibular fossa TEMPORAL BONE Styloid process Mastoid process Occipital condyles OCCIPITAL BONE Foramen magnum Inferior view

  16. Vertebra Column Functions: • 1- Supports the skull and trunk, and allows for their movement Cervical vertebrae • 2- Protects the spinal cord • 3- Absorbs stress of walking, running, and lifting • 4- Provides attachments for limbs thoracic cage, and postural muscles Thoracic vertebrae Cervical curvature Thoracic curvature Lumbar vertebrae Lumbar curvature Sacrum Pelvic curvature Coccyx

  17. Abnormal Spinal Curvatures • Scoliosis: It is an abnormal lateral curvature, due to a developmental abnormality in which the body and arch fail to develop on one side of the vertebrae. It is the most common, usually in thoracic region. It is particularly frequent in adolescent girls Kyphosis (hunchback): It is an exaggerated thoracic curvature, usually from osteoporosis, also osteomalacia or spinal tuberculosis, or wrestling or weightlifting in young boys Lordosis (swayback): It is an exaggerated lumbar curvature. It is from pregnancy or obesity

  18. E. The Vertebral Column Cervical region(7 vertebrae) C7 T1 Thoracic region (12 vertebrae) Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) Intervertebral discs (fibrocartilage) T12 L1 Lumbar region (5 vertebrae) L5 Sacral region (5 vertebrae) Sacrum Coccygeal region (3 or 4 vertebrae) Intervertebral foramina Coccyx Lateral view

  19. Posterior Spinous process Superior articular facet Transverse process Vertebral foramen Body Anterior

  20. Atlantoaxial joint (pivot joint) Dens Axis of rotation Atlas Superior articular facet ( articulates with the occipital condyle) Transverse ligament Axis

  21. Parietal Parietal Parietal Parietal Occipital Occipital Occipital condyles

  22. Cervical Vertebra Bifid tip of spinous process Spinous process Transverse process Vertebral foramen Body Body Spinous process Transverse foramen Transverse foramen Superior view Lateral view

  23. Thoracic Vertebra Spinous process Transverse costal facet for tubercle of rib Superior costal facet for head of rib Vertebral foramen Body Superior costal facet for head of rib Inferior costal facet for head of rib Body Spinous process Superior view Lateral view

  24. Lumbar Vertebra Spinous process Spinous process Vertebral foramen Body Transverse process Body Superior view Lateral view

  25. A comparison of vertebrae from cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions Superior view Lateral view Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5)

  26. Transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae are passageways for vertebral artery (and vein, no shown) Transverse foramina Intervertebral foramina Intervertebral foramina are passageways for spinal nerves running to or from the enclosed spinal cord Together, the vertebral foramina of successive vertebrae form the vertebral canal , which encloses the spinal cord Vertebral foramen

  27. Sacrum and Coccyx Superior articular processes It articulates with the last lumbar vertebra (L5) Sacrum (Fused components of 5 vertebrae) S1 S2 S3 S4 Anterior view Posterior view S5 Coccyx (3 to 5 coccygeal vertebrae) Coccyx

  28. The Thoracic Cage T1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Costal cartilages 3 3 3 3 True or vertebrosternal ribs (ribs 1-7) 4 4 4 4 They are connected to the sternum by separated costal cartilages 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 T12 8 8 Floating or vertebral (11,12) L1 False ribs (ribs 8-12) 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 11 Floating ribs Floating ribs

  29. The Sternum Manubrium Sternal angle It articulates with the sternal end of the scapula Jugular notch Body Xiphoid process Anterior view

More Related