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Phases of the 100 Yrs War

Phases of the 100 Yrs War. 5) Phase One English Success Under Edward III (1337-1360) a) 1340 – Sluys (Sluis) : June, Naval Battle. - English attack the French to pre- empt and invasion - 9 hr battle featuring archers & hand-to-hand combat .

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Phases of the 100 Yrs War

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  1. Phases of the 100 Yrs War

  2. 5) Phase One English Success Under Edward III (1337-1360) a) 1340 – Sluys (Sluis) : June, Naval Battle

  3. - English attack the French to pre- empt and invasion - 9 hr battle featuring archers & hand-to-hand combat

  4. - Losses: 200 ships, 16,000 men, almost all French - Result: Kiss invading England good-bye

  5. b)1345 – Edward III invades Normandy, Philip raises a HUGE army to repel

  6. 1346: Crecy - English cut-off on way to Flanders - Aug. 26th: 12,000 Eng. Versus 30-40,000 French - Fr: armored knights Eng: ye olde long bow 6 ft – 6 in, 105 lbs draw force

  7. - Fr: 16 cavalry charges 0 worked - Lesson: long bows can penetrate armor - Results: 150-1000 Eng. k/w 6000-20,000 Fr. k/w Misericorida, 11 in x1 inblade

  8. d) 1347: - English capture Calais - English capture David II of Scotland (Battle of Neville’s Cross)

  9. e) 1348+: • Black death in both Eng & Fr • Eng could not finance offensives - John II takes throne in Fr (1350)

  10. f) 1356: - Black Prince invades Gascony - September: Battle of Poitiers - Crecy, all over again BUT this time King John is captured

  11. g) 1357+: • England gains more land • France has a peasant revolt • England re-invades - Treaty of Bretigny: Ed III “renounces” his claim to the throne in return for all the seized land

  12. 6)Phase Two French Drive Out the English (1360 – 1400) a) Charles V retakes Ed’s territory as soon as he took the throne

  13. b)Black Prince was occupied in Spain (and will die there) c) Richard II takes throne – the foundation for the War of the Roses is laid and occupies England until ~1400 (Lancaster v. York)

  14. 7) Phase Three English Victories Under Henry V (1400 - 1429) a) 1415: Henry lands in Normandy, demanding the throne

  15. b) Oct 25th: Agincourt - English cut off on way to Calais - 6000 Eng v. 20,000+ French (5000 Archers) v. (Lots of knights) (Lots of nobility)

  16. - Terrain: deep mud - Motivation: Henry’s speech - Weapon of Choice: Longbow, again 6 ft – 6 in, 105 lbs draw force

  17. - Result: 100+ English dead 6000+ French dead (Including at least 5000 nobles & 1000 nobles as prisoner)

  18. - Result: 100+ English dead 6000+ French dead (Including at least 5000 nobles &1000 nobles as prisoner)

  19. c) 1416+ - Henry retakes Normandy, allies w/ Burgundians (who had captured Paris) • Treaty of Troyes hands the French throne to Henry

  20. After Henry’s death (1422) English armies remain victorious • Includes beating Scottish forces so badly they no longer land in France

  21. 8) Phase Four France Unites Under Valois Kings (1429 - 1453) a) Disputes over throne/regents = reopening of war (The King is crazy, the heir is young, the Dukes of Burgundy…. Etc) Charles VI

  22. b) 1429: Orleans - Eng. had seized in 1428 - Joan of Arc leads relief force = first real French victory in 80 yrs. - Charles VII is crowned at Reims

  23. c) 1430: - Burgundians capture Joan, sell her to English, they execute her

  24. d) 1435+: - Burgundians switch allegiance, give Paris back to French - Charles VII uses time to reorganize country and army - Battles continue…..

  25. - English drove out, except for Calais, and worry about War of the Roses

  26. Results: a) Change in Warfare - paid, professional armies have replaced feudal armies - new goal: kill opponents, not capture for ransom

  27. - new tactic: knights are out, foot soldiers are back in - new weapons: the long bow and the start of gunpowder

  28. b) Change in Power - feudalism is dying if not dead (and so is the Middle Ages) - Kings gain power as sole leaders Why?

  29. i) a central power is needed to protect the (new) nation(s) ii) & only 1 person can consolidate enough tax $ to pay for it - Europe is now Nation States

  30. c) Focus - Both nations will not turn inward - France will build/reform/catch-up with England - England will resolve the War of the Roses - end -

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