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Presentation overview (9/26/2010a)

Presentation overview (9/26/2010a). Economic History of Forest Management Policy – past and present Management paradigm Custodial element. Economic History of Forest Management in Nepal. Economic History continued. Economic History continued. Forest policies in Nepal.

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Presentation overview (9/26/2010a)

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  1. Presentation overview (9/26/2010a) • Economic History of Forest Management • Policy – past and present • Management paradigm • Custodial element

  2. Economic History of Forest Management in Nepal

  3. Economic History continued..

  4. Economic History continued..

  5. Forest policies in Nepal Past policies (till 1960) Export of timber (India oriented, revenue focused) Forest Organisation Lack of professional commitment & ownership Lack of government’s priority Middle period (1961 – 1990) Legislative framework National forest plan and MPFS Participatory forest management Massive plantations Forest resources information Recent policies (1991 – present) Donor driven programme Community forestry, participatory conservation and recently collaborative Training and institutional strengthening New forest act and participatory legislation

  6. Policy failure and The World Bank’s Pedantic Forecast Forest Nationalisation Act 1957 promulgated to protect and manage the forests as national property, accelerated deforestation and resource degradation. Government implemented the Forest Act (1961) and Forest Protection Special Act (1967) for strict protection however, the destruction of forest resources continued. In late '70s, The World Bank made prediction regarding forest situation of Nepal. On the basis of estimated deforestation trends, the Bank predicted that there would be no trees left in the Hills of Nepal by 1993 (Bartlett and Malla, 1992: The World Bank, 1978 as cited by Griffin, 1988). It was a classical Malthusian forecast of a country where the forests are still under indigenous management and are not subjected to the 'Tragedy of Commons' (Gilmour, 1990). Nevertheless, The Bank's report created a wide interest, among the donors and multilateral agencies, to assist in Forestry Programs in Nepal.

  7. National Forest Plan National Forest Plan, 1976 paved the way for the emergence of Community Forestry in the country. The initial efforts in Community Forestry, while overly emphasising protection of forest resources, concentrated mainly on establishing nurseries and plantations. The main Policy of the Government then was to restore the degraded forest areas in the Hills.

  8. Master Plan for the Forestry Sector Nepal 1988 (MPFS, 1988) objectives: • restoration of nature-balance, • economic mobilisation, • scientific management, and • promotion of public co-operation. Community and Private Forestry Programme as the priority program: ‘people centred forestry’ The Plan was geared to • rural institutional building, • greater self-reliance, • management flexibility and • empowerment of deprived and poor section The Plan provided a 25-year policy and planning framework for the forestry sector of Nepal. The Plan envisaged handing over of forests to the traditional users for fulfilling forest related basic needs in the hilly areas of Nepal.

  9. Forest Management Paradigm Last six decades witnessed a shift in paradigm of forest management in Nepal. In early days, the local people employed watchers to protect nearby forests for satisfying the domestic needs (Fisher, 1989) Nationalisation and subsequent failure of management efforts turned forests into open access resource with a free-ride tendency among the villagers. National Forestry Plan 1976 with the objectives: restoration of nature-balance, economic mobilisation, scientific management, and promotion of public co-operation, paved way for participatory management practices in Nepal

  10. Custodial Element in Forestry • Panchayat forest and Panchayat protected forest rules, failed in participatory management - managerial responsibility rested on local political entity. Moreover, hand over of the forest was based on political boundary without proper identification of traditional use rights. These changes neither created environment for villager's participation nor entrusted them with an authority to protect, manage, and utilise the forests. Hence, the status of “custodial element” remained unabated (Anonymous, 1991).

  11. Revenue in year 1887 was NRs 2.3 million while it was NRs 56,000 in year 1847. Growth times has to be determined by dividing the figure in 1887 by the corresponding figure in 1847. TR1887 Hence the growth times = = 2,30,000/56,000 TR 1847 = 4.11 (1+r)40 = 4.11 or, 1+r = (4.11)1/40 , (4.11)0.025=1.036 r = 1.036– 1 = 0.036 = 3.6% annual growth rate in timber revenue from 1847 to 1887 Tips of the session

  12. Try the following: Timber revenue in 1890 = NRs 4 million Timber revenue in 2009 = NRs 492.5 million What is the growth rate of timber revenue from 1890 to 2009 ?

  13. THANKS

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