1 / 31

15.2 The Early Cold War Years

15.2 The Early Cold War Years. I. Containing Communism. In an effort to deal with the Soviets, diplomat George Kennan proposed the idea of “ containment ” 1. The basic American foreign policy throughout the Cold War was to contain communism to its current borders.

yuma
Download Presentation

15.2 The Early Cold War Years

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 15.2 The Early Cold War Years

  2. I. Containing Communism • In an effort to deal with the Soviets, diplomat George Kennan proposed the idea of “containment” 1. The basic American foreign policy throughout the Cold War was to contain communism to its current borders “It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena.” Diplomat George Kennan introduced the idea of “…long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” in 1946.

  3. I. Containing Communism… B. In order to fight communist aggression in Greece & Turkey, Truman asked Congress for $400 million & issued the Truman Doctrine 1. Policy of supporting free people who were trying to resist communist takeover “The very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several thousand armed men, led by Communists…. The Greek government is unable to cope with the situation. The Greek army is small and poorly equipped….Greece must have assistance if it is to become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy. The United States must supply that assistance.” - President Truman

  4. I. Containing Communism… • Western Europe needed assistance to rebuild after the war 1. The Marshall Plan provided economic aid to European countries to rebuild their economies 2. E. European countries & the Soviets rejected the offer U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE GEORGE C. MARSHALL AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, JUNE 5TH 1947, THE DAY HE DELIVERED HIS HISTORIC SPEECH ANNOUNCING THE MARSHALL PLAN FOR THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF EUROPE

  5. EXCERPT FROM MARSHALL’S HARVARD SPEECH

  6. U.S. spent $17 billion in aid to help rebuild Western Europe.

  7. EFFECTS OF THE MARSHALL PLAN

  8. GERMAN CITY OF HAMBURG IN 1947 BEFORE THE MARSHALL PLAN EFFECTS OF THE MARSHALL PLAN HAMBURG, 1952, AFTER THE MARSHALL PLAN

  9. I. Containing Communism… D. U.S., Britain, & France announced plans to merge their zones in both Germany & Berlin & set up a new currency (1948) 1. Upset, Soviet troops blockaded W. Berlin Map of a divided Berlin

  10. POLITICAL CARTOON ASKS THE QUESTION “WHAT WILL PRESIDENT TRUMAN DO ABOUT BERLIN?”

  11. I. Containing Communism… E. Truman ordered the airlift of supplies to help people in W. Berlin (Berlin Airlift)

  12. The Berlin Airlift 2,000 tons of food were needed daily to keep over 2 million people alive. This included: -646 tons of flour & wheat -64 tons of fat -109 tons of fish & meat -5 tons of whole milk -180 tons of sugar -144 tons of dehydrated vegetables -38 tons of salt

  13. LIEUTENANT GALE HALVERSON DROPPED SMALL HANDKERCHIEF PARACHUTES FILLED WITH CANDY TO BERLIN CHILDREN

  14. I. Containing Communism… F. Stalin lifted the blockade in May 1949, and Germany was officially divided into two countries In total, there were over 278,000 flights to Berlin transporting over 2 million tons of food & supplies.

  15. I. Containing Communism… • Americans supported a military alliance with W. Europe 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed to protect non-communist countries from foreign aggression (1949) H. Soviets responded with a military alliance in E. Europe called the Warsaw Pact THE PURPOSE OF THE ALLIANCE IS SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE 5 WHICH STATES"AN ARMED ATTACK AGAINST ONE OR MORE OF THEM IN EUROPE OR NORTH AMERICA SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN ATTACK AGAINST THEM ALL."

  16. TRUMAN “LOST” CHINA, 1949 *COMMUNIST FORCES, LED BY MAO ZEDONG, HAD BEEN STRUGGLING WITH THE NATIONALIST GOVT, LED BY CHIANG KAI-SHEK *OCTOBER 1ST 1949 THE COMMUNISTS WON THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR *THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WAS ESTABLISHED WITH THE U.S.S.R. AS ITS MAIN ALLY *IN THE U.S., “LOSING CHINA” BECAME A POLITICAL ISSUE MAO ZEDONG, COMMUNIST LEADER OF CHINA

  17. II. The Korean War (1950-1953) • Korea was divided after WWII at the 38th parallel 1. North supported by Soviets (communist) 2. South supported by U.S. (democratic) B. In order to reunite Korea, N. Korean troops invaded S. Korea (June 1950) Communism 38th parallel Democracy

  18. II. The Korean War (1950-1953)…

  19. II. The Korean War (1950-1953)… • United Nations passed a resolution to help S. Korea • U.N. troops, led by General Douglas MacArthur, pushed N. Korean troops back into the north General Douglas MacArthur was put in overall command of the United Nations forces.

  20. II. The Korean War (1950-1953)… E. Chinese troops assisted the N. Koreans in pushing the U.N. forces back Chinese Counterattack

  21. II. The Korean War (1950-1953)… • MacArthur wanted to attack China with nuclear weapons 1. Truman disagreed & wanted to fight a limited war 2. MacArthur criticized him, so Truman fired him President Truman held a press conference to announce the firing of MacArthur. Truman later explained, in a private conversation, “I was sorry to have to reach a parting of the way with the big man in Asia, but he asked for it and I had to give it to him.”

  22. THE WAR IN KOREA TURNED INTO A STALEMATE RESEMBLING WORLD WAR I TRENCH WARFARE.

  23. II. The Korean War (1950-1953)… G. War ended with peace talks in 1953 1. Korea remained divided into two countries 2. U.S. embarked on a major military buildup, with many new nuclear weapons 3. Expanded the Cold War into Asia 4. Laid the foundation in the U.S. for later undeclared wars Line of military demarcation

  24. About 30,000 U.S. troops are still stationed in South Korea today. North Korean troops continue to guard the demilitarized zone which lies at the border of N. & S. Korea.

  25. N. KOREAN LEADERS Kim Jong-un, the youngest son of Kim Jong-il, age 28, became the new leader of N. Korea following his father’s death. He is the youngest world leader. N. Korean leader Kim Jong-il died on Dec. 17, 2011 from a heart attack. He had been the “supreme leader” of N. Korea since 1994.

More Related