The Urinary System

1. The Urinary System Created by: Xavier Guerra Vania Gutierrez Ariel Corral Alexander Cortes

2. Why do we have the Urinary System? • Removes all metabolic wastes and toxins • Eliminates all excess nutrients and hormones • Regulates body volume and pressure • Regulates electrolytes and body pH • Aids in calcium absorption

3. Organs Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

4. Kidneys Bean shaped organs that lie in the abdomen. They concentrate the urine, regulate electrolytes and they maintain acid-base homeostasis. Made up of 3 regions. The renal cortex, renal medulla, and the renal pelvis.

5. Kidneys (pt. 2) • Nephrons- functional units of the kidneys. They filter blood and make urine. • Kidneys are made up of nephrons. Kidneys are made up of over a million nephrons. • Nephrons and its bloody supply are found in the cortex and medulla of the kidneys. • The renal veins drain the kidneys clean blood into the inferior vena cava. • The renal artery supplies the kidneys with blood

6. Ureters Tubes of smooth muscle fibers that take the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

7. Urinary Bladder Organ that holds the urine from the kidney until it is disposed during urination. Urine in the bladder helps regulate body temperature.

8. Urethra Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for removal of fluids through urination. Male urethras are longer then female urethras and males carry semen in the urethra as well

9. Diseases • -Urinary Tract Infection(UTI)- bacteria that enters the urinary tract usually causes a UTI. Common in women although men could have it. Affects the urethra, bladder, and even the kidneys. UTI is usually treated with antibiotics. • -Kidney Stones- small pieces of material that could be anywhere in the urinary tract. Smaller stones usually pass through the tract easily but larger ones require medical attention and removal. Kidney stones cause back and side pains as well as blood in the urine • -Kidney Failure- Kidneys are unable to filter blood to remove waste. Dialysis or even kidney transplant is required • -Bladder Cancer- Sixth most common type of cancer in the U.S. Similar symptoms to those of UTI and can cause pelvic pain, pain during urination, and sometimes blood in urine. Recovery from bladder cancer depends on size of tumor, and the stage it which it is diagnosed.

10. Careers • Urologist • Most Common Career in the field of Urology • Doctor that specializes in Urology • They examine patients with kidney, bladder and other conditions in the urinary system. • They make $325,200 to $426,000 a year • 4 years of undergraduate, and 3-8 years in internships and residency is required. Medical School and certifications required.

11. Careers (cont.) • Urinary Oncologist • Studies and treats cancer in the urinary system • Prescribes chemotherapy and radiation and sometimes performs surgery to remove cancerous tumors. • One of the toughest jobs in the oncology field because of the low recovery rates. • Salary at a median of $258,229

12. Careers (Cont.) • Nephrologist • Physician that treats and manages kidney diseases by regulating blood pressure and balancing fluids in the body • Medical School, 3 years residency in internal medicine and 2 or more years in nephrology. • Salary ranges from$188,865-$244,744

13. abbreviations • ARF- Acute Renal Failure • BUN- Blood Urea Nitrogen • Cath.-Catheter, Catheterization • HD- Hemodialysis • I&O- Intake & Output • NPN- Non-Protein Nitrogen • Urol- Urology • UTI- Urinary Tract Infection

14. Terminology • a-, an-without, not • albumin/o- albumin • cyan/o- blue • cyst/o- bladder, cyst • -ectasis,-ectasia-dilation, expansion • lith/o- stone, calculus • nephr/o- kidney • noct/i- night • py/o- pus • ren/o- kidney • ur/o- urine • ureter/o- ureter • urethr/o- urethra • -uria- urine condition • Vesic/o- urinary bladder