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Understanding Stuttering: Causes, Diagnosis, and Intervention

Explore the characteristics, causes, and prevalence of stuttering, along with assessment methods and helpful strategies for teachers. Discover interesting facts and resources to understand and support individuals who stutter.

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Understanding Stuttering: Causes, Diagnosis, and Intervention

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  1. Communication Disorders: STUTTERING Rebecca Forbes TLSE 457 Summer 2004

  2. What is stuttering? • Speech impairment characterized by • abnormal hesitations • repetitions, blocks, and/or prolongations of sounds, words, or syllables • avoidance or substitution of words • example: “closet” stutterers

  3. Repetitions Blocks Prolongations Tremors Pitch & loudness rise Avoidance of talking Fear & Embarrassment Irregular breathing Related behaviors foot tapping, eye blinks, head turns Specific Characteristics

  4. What causes stuttering? • No known cause, only controversy • Theories • Genetic disposition • Biological explanation • Family Factors • Psychological factors • ex: conditioning

  5. Prevalence/Incidence Rates • Most frequent type of fluency disorder • About 1% of the population stutters (2-3 million people) • More boys than girls stutter (4:1 ratio) • Average person: 7-10% of speech is disfluent • >10% disfluency leads to stuttering • 50-70% of people who stutter have at least one relative who also stutters

  6. Assessment/Diagnoses • Speech and language pathologists • read out loud • pronounce specific words • talk (time wpm) • hearing tests • Tests determine whether or not a person needs speech therapy ex: NIU Speech Clinic

  7. What can teachers do? Instructional Ideas • talking slowly & clearly • answer ?’s after a pause • stay calm, don’t be bothered (patience!) • give reassurance & encourage talking about his or her stuttering • create a plan for class participation • allow increased response time VIDEO CLIP

  8. Technology and Stuttering • Feedback machine monitors speech (Delayed Auditory Feedback) • Classroom PowerPoint Presentations • educates peers while decreasing teasing • helps overcome the fear of speaking

  9. Interesting Facts about Stuttering • Stuttering occurs most often in left-handers • No stuttering when singing, speaking in unison, or whispering • Famous people that stutter • George Burns Thomas Edison • Charles Darwin Albert Einstein • George Washington • Bruce Willis • Marilyn Monroe

  10. References for Stuttering • Resources used in this presentation • http://www.stuttering.net/stuttering-facts.html • http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfrwq/whatisstut.html • http://asha.org/speech/disabilities/stuttering.cfm • Resources for school personnel • http://nsastutter.org/content/index.php?catid=8 • Video => Stuttering: Straight Talk for Teachers • The Stuttering Foundation, 2002 • Book => Stuttering and Your Child: ?’s and answers • Book => Understanding Stuttering by: Nathan Lavid • Book => Tangled Tongue: Living with a Stutter by: Jock A. Carlisle

  11. Thank you for your time and attention!

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