John Curley

1. John Curley 1

2. The opportunity 1) Cost • Energy usage & costs • Servicing and maintenance regimes • Lifespan 2) Environment • Building Regulations (ventilation & thermal comfort) • Environmentally damaging coolants • Productivity, SAD and Legionnaires • Carbon Reduction Commitments (CRC) 3) Practical • Shift to lightweight architecture • Increased heat loading within buildings • Planning issues and outside space • Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2

3. The opportunity • Requirement for ‘low energy cooling’ • Thermal comfort • Ventilation • Zero / low carbon / low energy • Existing solutions add to the problem • Energy usage • Coolants • Heat island effect • External noise • The Carbon Trust has identified innovation in cooling and heating as key to meeting national emission targets 3

4. Phase change material (PCM) A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance which melts and solidifies at a certain temperature and in doing so is capable of storing or releasing large amounts of energy. ICE MELTING / FREEZING WATER Initially, PCM’s behave like sensible heat storage materials (SHS); their temperature rises as they absorb heat. Unlike conventional SHS, however, when PCMs reach the temperature at which they change phase they absorb large amounts of heat at an almost constant temperature. The PCM continues to absorb heat without a significant rise in temperature until all the material is transformed to the liquid phase. When the ambient temperature around the liquid material falls, the PCM solidifies, releasing its stored latent heat. 4

5. Passive thermal mass products 5

6. Thermal battery heat exchanger plates • Stable and rugged casing - survives drop test from 3m height • Excellent heat transfer from medium to PCM through aluminium casing • Leak proof, 100% test of panels to ensure • pressure tightness • Anti-corrosion coating inside and outside • Non-flammable • Maximal use of available volume and automatic • volume adaptation to PCM expansion • PCM is tested to the German RAL standard – 10,000 • cycles which equates to 27 years assuming 1 cycle a day 6

7. Low energy ventilation and cooling

8. Low energy ventilation and cooling

9. Key features – above ceiling fitting Duct Air Handling Unit Recirculation Duct Thermal Battery Module

10. Key features – below ceiling fitting Duct Air Handling Unit Diffuser Recirculation Grille Thermal Battery Module

11. How it works PCM Heat Exchanger External Air Direct Ventilation Re-circulated Air

12. Cooling PCM Heat Exchanger External Air Direct Ventilation Re-circulated Air

13. Heat Harvesting PCM Heat Exchanger External Air Direct Ventilation Re-circulated Air

14. Performance criteria • Total Cooling • Free cooling • (ventilation) • Thermal batteries • (energy stored) • Night time cooling • (building + flush) • Per Cool Phase Unit: • Normal ventilation rate – 100 to 250 l/s • Maximum ventilation rate - 350 l/s • Total thermal energy storage - 8 KWhrs • Typical cooling in 24 hour period >16 KWhrs

15. Performance criteria

16. Controls Controls and user interface: • Wall mounted controls with room temperature, humidity and CO2 sensors. • Master / slave mode to control multiple units in a single zone. BMS Interface: • Single digital on/off input to enable/disable system from BMS or Fire Alarm circuit. • Single digital on/off output to be used in one of the following modes: »» Heating – The system will signal to the BMS to turn on heating when temperatures fall below a presetlevel. »» Cooling – The system will signal to the BMS to turn on a secondary cooling system when temperatures rise above a preset level. »» Fault – The COOL-PHASE system will signal to the BMS when there is a fault in the system.

17. Specific fan power & efficiency Note: Ventilation and specific fan power calculated for air passing through Thermal Battery heat exchanger, direct ventilation values will be slightly better. ESEER: The European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ESEER) is the ratio of the electrical energy consumed to cooling energy produced over the complete cooling season. For COOL PHASE this has been calculated for cooling provided by the Thermal Batteries and excludes the cooling effects of ventilation and night cooling.

18. IES modelling 18

19. Running Costs 19

20. Workspace case study • Workspace PLC: • ~ 125 properties within M25 • ~ 700,000 m2 rentable floor space • Serviced offices and light industrial units • ‘Secondary’ locations • £70m turnover (2009)

21. Workspace case study – Performance E1 Business Centre, Whitechapel Number of working hours where the temperature exceed 25°C, 26°C and 28°C for the room with Cool Phase and an identical control room COOL PHASE CONTROL ROOM

22. Workspace case study – Comparison to targets BUILDING REGULATIONS COOL PHASE CONTROL ROOM

23. Case Study - Notre Dame Notre Dame School, Southwark Location: Southwark, London Client: Notre Dame RC Girls’ School Type: Secondary Girls’ School 11-16 23

24. Notre Dame 24

25. Notre Dame – Control Rooms • Geography Classroom • » Interactive white board • » Next to room with Cool Phase • » Ventilation through windows • » No AC units • IT Classroom • » Interactive white board • » 30 PCs for students • » Ventilation through windows • » Wall mounted ‘Split’ AC unit 25

26. Notre Dame - Results 26

27. Notre Dame - Results 27

28. Notre Dame - Results 28 www.monodraught.com

29. Notre Dame - Results Control IT Classroom The temp gradient with AC system on was relatively high at 2-3°c. Results not representative of area directly in air path of AC system. AC system turned on & off due to complaints from closest occupants. No ventilation with AC so windows opened during Summer contributed to higher temps. 29

30. Thank you and questions. 30