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Key Advantages and Disadvantages of the Union and Confederacy During the American Civil War

This overview examines the strengths and weaknesses of both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War (1861-1865). The Union boasted a significant population and industrial power, controlling 85% of factories and 70% of railroads. However, it faced challenges in waging an offensive war and managing long supply lines. Conversely, the Confederacy had strong beliefs, effective defensive strategies, and skilled soldiers but struggled with fewer factories, political instability, and a limited navy. The economic states of both sides played crucial roles in their wartime strategies.

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Key Advantages and Disadvantages of the Union and Confederacy During the American Civil War

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  1. Union & Confederacy Map 1861

  2. North v. South Civil War 1861-1865

  3. North United States of America Union Yankees

  4. Advantages of going to war • Big Population • Industry – 85% of all factories • 70% of RR lines • Strong Navy – Trade ships

  5. Disadvantages of going to war • Offensive War – must initiate moves • Had to conquer huge, unfamiliar territory • Long lines of supplies – open to attack in west

  6. State of the Economy • Industrial Boom • Factories • Machinery • Telegraph • RR • Steam Power

  7. South Confederate States of America Confederacy Rebels

  8. Advantages of going to war • Strong beliefs in what they were fighting for – slavery • On the Defense – home turf advantage, defending homeland, way of life • Short Supply Lines • Good soldier skills - shooting and riding skills

  9. Disadvantages of going to war • Few factories – depend on the North • Political problems – unstable, things not getting done • Few people • Weak Navy 9 Million people total Almost 4 million = slaves

  10. State of the Economy • Agricultural Based • Cotton • Slaves • Limited Industry

  11. Strategies for winningthe War NORTH SOUTH Defensive strategy – defend it’s territory, familiar with geography Wear down the Union’s will to fight • Destroy the South’s economy through a naval blockade of southern seaports • Gain control of Mississippi River to divide Confederacy • Destroy Richmond, VA – southern capital Anaconda Plan

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